剪力

Direct shear tests indicated that shear strength parameters of loamclay reduce lineally with increasing of oil content at natural dry density. Influence of oil on shear strength obviously is smaller than water.

8剪切性能研究结果显示，天然容重壤粘土的粘聚力随含水率和含油率的上升显著下降，变化规律符合线性关系，原油和柴油对抗剪强度的影响明显小于水。

According to the plane cross section assumption, configuration of a rod is expressed as a history of the cross section with arc coordinate. A special solution which stands for equilibrium in straight line state is obtained from differential equilibrium equation. Linear perturbation equation is derived and its general solution is obtained in which the integral constants are determined by constrained conditions at two ends of the rod. The condition of existence of non zero solution of the integral constants gives to the Greenhill formula of exact elastic rod model, which shows that the boundary of stable area is a closed curve and of symmetry, and inference of shearable and extensible to stability of the rod is depend on three factors: difference between flexibility of shear and extension of a section of the rod, bending stiffness and the length of the rod.

基于平面截面假定，弹性杆的位形表达为截面的弧坐标历程，根据平衡微分方程得到了两端受力螺旋作用时的直线平衡特解，导出了线性化扰动方程及其通解，积分常数根据两端铰支时的边界条件确定，并根据其存在非零解的条件得到弹性直杆精确模型的Greenhill公式，表明稳定域为一对称的封闭区域，拉/压和剪切对稳定性的影响取决于：拉/压柔度与剪切柔度之差，抗弯刚度和杆长这三个因素

The apparatus for static and dynamic universal triaxial and torsional shear soil testing is employed to perform stress-controlled cyclic coupled vertical and torsional shear test by different cyclic stress paths. Through a series of tests on saturated clay, the dynamic deformation, stress-strain relationship and dynamic strength are systematically investigated under rotation of principal stress axes.

针对饱和黏土，利用土工静力－动力液压三轴－扭转多功能扭剪仪进行了均等固结下的耦合循环剪切试验，着重研究了不同循环应力路径对应力－应变关系和强度特性的影响。

The evolution process under the control of the multigeodynamic force system (including the boundary forces of Eurasia-Pacific-Indian three massive plates around Nansha block, effects of the deep mantle, relative soft layer-sliding planes within Nansha lithosphere block and the earth's rotational inertial force) can be briefly divided four stages: the late Cretaceous to the early Eocene stage of uprilfing-erosion and shear-extension caused by the oceanwards-eastwards withdrew of Pacific subduction zone and the delamination of proto-subducted slab after the stage of pre-Cretaceous pre-rifting active continentoceanic plate margin. In this stage, the Nansha transcrustal layering-block started to move southeastwards on the Nansha transcrustal layer-sliding plane, meanwhile, the Andu-Bisheng and Liyue-Banyue basement layering-block slid on their upper-crust layer-sliding planes, and Xibu accretion zone was formed. Successively, it entered the stage of the mid-Eocene to early Oligocene, when NW-SE sea-floor spreading occurred in the southwest subbasin owing to the slip-line field initiated by the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates, Zengmu foreland-basin started to develop in the same time. And in the stage of late Oligocene to early Miocene, near NS simple-shear extension and sea-floor spreading in the central subbasin of eastern South China Sea resulted from the south-southeastwards drawing-force of the mantle-flow. The crustal layering-blocks and the Miri accretion zone formed also in this stage.

南沙岩石圈新生代微板块及板内层块构造的动力演化过程，在多元动力等因素(如块体之外的欧-太-印三大板块运动边界力和地幔深部活动因素、块体内部软弱层滑面以及地球自转变化)控制下，大致经历了4个阶段的演化：从前晚白垩世的裂前活动陆-洋板块边缘阶段因太平洋俯冲带向东跃迁、原向NNW俯冲消亡的板片的拆沉、幔隆而进入晚白垩世-早始新世的隆升剥蚀、剪切伸展演化阶段，南沙超壳层块顺超壳层滑面祥东南运移、安渡-毕生与礼乐-半月基底层块沿上壳层滑面拆离，西布增生带形成；继而先后在中始新世-早渐新世期间受印-欧板块碰撞滑线场、地球自转加速影响出现西南海盆NW-SE向海底扩张和曾母前陆盆地的发育，和晚渐新世-早中新世期间南—东南向地幔流牵引造成的中央次海盆近NS向单剪伸展与海底扩张、壳体层块向南差异滑移、米里增生带形成；中中新世以来，印度-澳洲板块快速向北俯冲，构成今日南海格局。

According to the test of the shear beams reinforced with the stirrup of HRB400 steel bars, the mechanical property of stirrup in the members is studied.

通过HRB400级钢筋作箍筋的不同剪跨比的受剪梁的试验，分析了此类钢筋作箍筋的受力情况。

The lower the number of imperfections is, the higher the maximum unbalanced force in strain-softening stage is.

在应变软化阶段，最大不平衡力的明显的突增是由于被剪切带切割的试样块体发生了沿剪切带方向的运动。

The results indicated that the homogeneous ER liquid with significant ER effect at room temperature is obtained by mixing the side-chain liquid crystal polysiloxanes containing p-methoxyl phenyl benzolate and silicone oil.

结果表明，用含苯甲酸甲氧基苯酯的侧链液晶聚矽氧烷能组成在室温下表现出较强ER活性的均相ER液，它在外加电场E=2.2kv/mm ，剪切速率为3005s^(-1)时，剪切应力达到1550Pa；增加E和振动频率，均相ER液智能阻尼器的阻尼力均增加，阻尼效果提高。

The shear angle was measured by means of spring "Quick-Stop" device at various cutting speeds.

基于对传统的剪切角模型的分析，借助快速落刀试验及直角切削力试验，获得了航空铝合金7050-T7451在切削加工中的剪切角以及前刀面的平均摩擦因数。

According to the stress characteristics of coal floor with faults, corresponding simplified mechanical model is built to obtain the equations of shear stress and normal stress on the fault, as well as the influential rules of fault dip on shear stress, normal stress and fault activation.

针对含断层缺陷底板的受力特征，建立相应的简化力学模型，分析得到断层面上的剪切应力和法向应力表达式，并研究断层倾角对断层面上剪切应力、法向应力及断层活化的影响规律。

The results showed compared with the native state the shear strength of rockmass under the saturation state decreased by 11.17%, cohesion force decreased by 16.09%, internal frictional angle decreased by 10.02%.(3) 3D-σFEM numerical simulation software is used to simulate the slope stability on the native state and saturation state. Compared with the nature state the displacement of the discontinuity and stress concentration in the saturation state is largened clearly, the results showed slope stability under the rainfall is weakened.

更多含有天然结构面的岩体试件进行了不同含水量下的强度试验，试验结果证明在岩体试件处于饱水状态时的结构面抗剪强度比天然状态下平均下降了11.17%、粘聚力平均下降了16.09%、内摩擦角平均下降了10.02%；(3)采用3D-σ有限元数值软件对K86+180～K86+470段岩质边坡进行了三维有限元数值模拟，并且分天然状态分阶段开挖和饱水状态分阶段开挖两种不同状况进行了稳定性分析，从分析结果可以看出与天然状态相比，饱水状态下软弱层水平方向位移明显增大，坡脚及软弱层特别是软弱层临空面附近的剪应力值显著增大，并且其安全系数与天然状态相比也显著减小，说明在有大的降雨发生当岩体处于饱水状态时边坡整体稳定性被削弱，边坡失稳可能性增大。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。