剪切应变

The quasi linear dependence of Raman shift upon fiber strain was first used to measure the residual thermal strain along the fiber axis.Then the same dependence was used to determine the fiber strain during pull-out test.Finally the distribution of striain along the fiber axis was converted to the distribution of interfacial shear stress.

利用纤维拉曼峰波数偏移与纤维所受应变的近似线性关系，首先测定纤维热残余应变的分布，随后对伸出玻璃基体外的纤维段施加给定的拉伸应变，沿纤维轴向用拉曼光谱术逐点测定基体内外纤维的应变，最后依据力平衡原理将应变分布转换为界面剪切应力沿纤维轴向的分布。

The experimental results show that 0.2%yield she ar stress, ultimate shear stress and 0.2%yield tensile stress, ultimate tensile stress under torsion-tension combined high strain-rate decrease with increasi ng temperature.

试验结果表明：该材料在高应变率扭-拉复合加载下的名义剪切屈服强度、剪切强度极限和名义拉伸屈服极限、拉伸强度极限均随温度的升高而降低。

The lower the number of imperfections is, the higher the maximum unbalanced force in strain-softening stage is.

在应变软化阶段，最大不平衡力的明显的突增是由于被剪切带切割的试样块体发生了沿剪切带方向的运动。

Based on this review, authors indicate that the readjustment of mineralogical and chemical compositions and volume changes are the main research areas of the fluid action in ductile shear zone. The study on the fluid action in ductile shear zone will be carried out in the following aspects: evolution history of tectonicfluid, tectonic physicochemistry, and the strain model and its features.

本文在综合评价现有研究成果的基础上认为，岩石的成分变异和体积变化是韧性前切带内流体作用研究的主要内容，韧性剪切带内构造－流体演化历史，构造物理化学、岩石应变模式及其特征的研究是今后韧性剪切带内流体作用研究的发展方向和前沿领域。

Based on this review, authors indicate that the r eadjustment of mineralogical and chemical compositions and volume changes are th e main research areas of the fluid action in ductile shear zone. The study on th e fluid action in ductile shear zone will be carried out in the following aspect s: evolution history of tectonic_fluid, tectonic physicochemistry, and the s train model and its features.

本文在综合评价现有研究成果的基础上认为，岩石的成分变异和体积变化是韧性剪切带内流体作用研究的主要内容，韧性剪切带内构造-流体演化历史、构造物理化学、岩石应变模式及其特征的研究是今后韧性剪切带内流体作用研究的发展方向和前沿领域。

In this modified model, the effect of the stress concentration on the end stress in the fiber end region is considered, the average matrix strain is used to substitute for the so-called far field strain in the previous shear lag model. The change of the deformation states from elasticity to plasticity is considered and the interfacial shear stress and fiber axial stress are derived.

修正的模型合理考虑了纤维根区域应力集中对根应力的影响；用基体平均应变代替了经典剪切滞后模型中的远场应变；考虑了基体变形状态从弹性到塑性的变化，给出了塑性区上的表面剪切应力和纤维轴向应力的表达式。

The fundamental feature of this procedure is the modified relationship of stress and strain by residual shear strain potential and residual volumetric strain potential in dynamic time-history analysis. In the meanwhile, the effect of the residual dynamic pore water pressure on the maximum shear modulus is considered.

该方法在动力时程分析中重点考虑了逐渐累积的残余剪应变和残余体应变对应力应变关系的软化效应，同时考虑了各时段残余振动孔压引起的最大动剪切模量的衰减效应。

Based on the test results of sand-gravel and sand by Ishihara, an experiential relation of reconsolidation volumetric strain of sand-gravel and sand is suggested. The application method of the experiential relation is given for predicting the ground settlement.

对饱和砂砾料的动强度、最大剪切模量与围压和相对密度的关系，动剪切模量和阻尼比与动剪应变的依赖关系进行了综合分析，并给出了相应的取值范围。

The only strain is a shear strain and the dilatation is zero, these waves are called shear waves

唯一的应变是剪应变而没有膨胀，这种波叫剪切波。

The relationships between strain and stress of several kinds of high strength fibers, such as Kevlar, Twaron and Dyneema were obtained, and the dependence of mechanical properties of fibers on the strain rate was gotten and explained from the microstructures and deformation mechanism of fibers. Then, the damage and failures of plates with the reinforcement of fibers under high velocity impacting were studied experimentally. Based on experimental results, a set of equations was presented to depicted the deceleration of penetrator. The dynamic response of fiber cluster and sandwich were simulated successfully with a new algorithm and code, which was developped by our group. The coupling effect of stress wave and thermal conduction could be considered with acceptable accuracy and CPU time.

其中，获得了以芳纶纤维为代表的7种纤维的动态应力应变关系，从材料微观机制解释了纤维束的应变率相关特征；得到了板材在高速冲击下的能量吸收机理，以及影响能量吸收机制转变的主要因素；发展了一种新型的原位光学测试技术，以之可以测量试件在冲击加载下的变形场及其演化，该技术除了在本项目应用外，还可以对剪切带的萌生演化、孔洞动态扩张规律进行较好的观察，以弥补相关研究中实验证据的缺乏；发展了含热传导的冲击动力学有限元程序，在侵彻、绝热剪切带、脉冲激光诱导结构破坏等问题的分析中得到了较好的应用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。