剩余方差

Finishing calculation of mean value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis of Beta distribution.(2) Fitting parameters of many kinds of typical distribution and using residual deviation to evaluate fitting precision.(3) Using Beta distribution as an agreed indication distribution applied to many kinds of practical photoelectric measurement distributions.(4) Deriving theory formula of Bayes point estimation about Beta distribution parameters and mean value and standard deviation on the condition of mean square error loss function and supposed the prior distribution is uniform distribution.(5) Generating MCMC sample from post distribution by the method of Gibbs sample algorithm. Calculating bayes point estimation from sample on the condition of mean square error loss function. Calculating confidence interval by an approximate method to complete interval estimation.

本文的主要工作有：(1)解决了Beta分布参数a和b的精确计算以及均值、标准差、偏度、峰度的计算问题；(2)拟合出10余种典型分布的Beta分布的两个参数，并且采用剩余标准差评价该Beta分布的拟合精度；(3)对多种典型的光学与光电测量系统的测量分布进行了Beta分布统示表示；(4)在假设先验分布为均匀分布前提下，得到参数a和b以及均值μ和标准差σ在均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计理论计算公式；(5)利用直接抽样的Gibbs抽样算法，从后验分布中产生MCMC样本，从样本直接计算均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计，并使用一种近似方法计算其置信区间，完成区间估计。

Taking mapping QTL that affect leaf age growth trajectories in rice of a DH population as an example, we used 3 biological meaningful submodels and 2 orders Legendre polynomial to model the mean vector of QTL genotypes and 11 stationary and non-stationary models to fit residual covariance matrix.

以水稻一个DH群体的叶龄性状为例，我们分别用3个具有生物学意义的子模型和2阶Legendre多项式去拟合QTL基因型的均方向量，用13个平稳和非平稳模型去描述剩余协方差的变化。

We choose an optimal model for functional mapping via comparing various combinations of submodels for mean vectors of QTL genotypes and residual covariance matrix according to statistical power of detecting QTL.

根据QTL的统计检测效率，通过比较关于QTL基因型的期望均值向量和剩余误差的协方差矩阵的子模型的不同组合，来筛选优化的功能定位模型。

Modeling time-dependent expected mean vectors of QTL genotypes and the structure of the within-subject residual covariance matrix are the essence for functional mapping QTL of dynamic traits.

拟合与时间相关的QTL基因型的期望均值向量和剩余误差的协方差矩阵是动态性状功能定位的核心内容。

Firstly, we analyze and compare three evaluation models: based on the stress function, based on the residual variance and based on DY-DX representation. An evaluation model based on the variance of distance ratios is proposed.

首先，分析和比较了基于应力函数的评价模型、基于剩余方差的评价模型和基于DY-DX表示法的评价模型，提出了一种基于距离比例方差的评价模型。

Moreover, it is discussed how to use the stress function, the residual variance and the variance of distance ratios to select the neighborhood parameter and the dimension of the low dimensional space.

同时还讨论了如何利用应力函数、剩余方差和距离比例方差来确定邻域参数和低维空间的维数。

The class of distribution of decreasing variance residual life an that of decreasing percentile residual life are investigated,some their characters are also given,and their characteristic result is given when the general moments of residual life function are taken as their basis.

阐述了递减方差剩余寿命分布与平衡分布的平均剩余寿命函数的密切联系；研究了递减方差剩余寿命分布类及递减百分位数剩余寿命分布类，并且给出了它们的一些特征；给出了以剩余寿命函数的一般矩为基础的特征结果。

Criteria for model comparison were residual variance estimates, minus two log likelihood function, Akaike's information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, Bayesian factor, information-theoretic measure of model complexity, and percent relative reduction of complexity.

模型的统计标准有总剩余方差、似然函数对数值、Akaike信息尺度、贝叶斯信息准则、贝叶斯因子、模型复杂性尺度和复杂性相对下降率。

Intra-/inter-specific spatial pattern: Four distribution measurements (variance/mean ratio, chi-square test, Clark-Evans index and Haberman residual analysis) were used.

分布格局分析采用四种方法：方差均值比、x〓检验、Clark-Evans指数和Haberman剩余分析，前2种属样方法，后2种属无样地法。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷