剩余价值

Of the circulation of capital, since the turnover of capital, etc.

剩余价值向利润的转化、利润向平均利润的转化等已被提出来了。

And sets the last column's width to the remaining value.

并设置最后一列的宽度为剩余价值。

As the value and labor of Marx, the conception of capital is also dualist. Beyond its natural properties, its social properties are the institutional condition of the accumulation of economic surplus.

如同劳动、价值等概念一样，马克思的资本概念也有两重性：它的社会属性是剩余价值不断增殖和资本化的社会条件。

The surplus, value theory is a foundation stone of Marx's economic theory.

剩余价值理论是马克思经济理论的基石。

On p.52, Morishima examines "Marx's proposition that surplus value is the source of profit ... This result may be claimed as the Fundamental Marxian Theorem."

在第52页，森岛通夫调查了"马克思关于剩余价值是利润的源泉的观点…这一结果被称为基本的马克思主义法则。"

Where r is the uniform rate of surplus value, is an uninteresting and redundant detour for the economist interested in the statics and dynamics of the distribution of incomer

其中r是统一剩余价值率，对于收入分配静态和动态分析感兴趣的经济学家这是一个令人厌倦和多余的绕弯。

Single capital in the profit-driven motives chases excess value. Law of pro-rata to the total social labor in a competitive relationship regulates the total social capital. But in a capitalist economic relations law of pro-rata to the total labor failed to play its role. In currencies economic relations currency accumulation may be the same with the actual accumulation, may also inconsistent. In the law of organic composition of capital rising income distribution led to the impoverishment of the working class and cyclical decline in effective demand.

本文指出马克思通过价值理论、货币理论、社会再生产理论和收入分配理论的分析，阐明了资本主义宏观经济的运行：单个资本在利润动机的驱动下，追逐超额剩余价值；按比例分配社会总劳动规律在竞争关系中，对社会总资本起调节作用，但在资本主义经济关系下，按比例分配总劳动规律不能正常发挥作用；在货币经济关系下，货币积累与实际积累可能一致，也可能不一致，加剧了总劳动分配比例的不合理；在资本有机构成提高的作用下，资本主义收入分配关系导致工人阶级贫困化，有效需求周期性下降，资本主义经济危机不可避免。

But it is totally wrong to limit the 'surplus value' only created by worker.

实际上这个'剩余价值'它应该是无人不创造、无处不在的。

In his discussion of productive and nonproductive labor, Marx demonstrated that the wages of those employed in nonproductive labor—that is, those who are not engaged in production of surplus value—are determined by the wage levels of productive workers engaged in comparable labor.

在关于生产性劳动和非生产性劳动的论述中，马克思指出了被雇用的非生产劳动——即不参与剩余价值生产的劳动——的工资是由参加这种生产的生产工人的工资水平决定的。

The OSB crates were difficult to nail together, bulky to store and costly in terms of both price and labour, whilst the corrugated pallet boxes left valuable equipment more susceptible to damage in transit.

在刨花板箱很难在价格和劳工，虽然瓦楞纸箱方面托盘钉在一起，笨重的储存和剩余价值昂贵的设备更容易在运输过程中损坏。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷