剥落的

While other skin care products use petroleum based fragrances and harsh synthetic cleansers, I have blended the finest essential oils and then added them to a 100% botanically based (head-to-toe) cleanser that is non-stripping and beneficial to skin, hair and scalp-gentle enough to use everyday.

当其他的护肤产品采用基于香料和刺激的合成石油化工原料的时候，我选择了最好的精油，并将它们与100%天然的植物成分混合，从而形成防剥落的对皮肤，头发，头皮有益的，非常温和的产品，适合每天的使用。

The results show that the oxidization weight increasing and oxidation time follow the parabolic law at 800℃, no surface oxidation film desquamates, and the oxidation rate is stable. While at boot, the oxidation kinetic curves approximately follow the parabolic law, oxide films begin to desquamate lightly and thickening, and the mass gains are about four times as those at 800℃.

结果表明，熔敷金属在800℃氧化时，氧化增重与氧化时间遵从抛物线规律，表面氧化膜无剥落，氧化速率较稳定；在1000℃氧化时，氧化增重与氧化时间近似遵从抛物线规律，表面氧化膜出现少量剥落，且氧化膜增厚，氧化增重是800℃氧化时的4倍左右。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.08-0.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.02-0.05 and 0.2 mm^3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2立方公厘左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.080.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.020.05 and 0.2 mm3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2 mm3左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

The results show that the naturally-aged 2195 alloy has the best intergranular and exfoliation corrosion resistance. The intergranular and exfoliation corrosion are accelerated with prolonging the increasing aging time at 160℃, which is in accord with the results of polarization tests in IGC solution.

结果表明： 2195合金在自然时效状态下具有较好的抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀能力，但随着在160℃时效时间的延长，其晶间腐蚀与剥落腐蚀倾向逐渐增加；在剥落腐蚀溶液中进行的极化曲线测试也表现出相同的趋势。

A part of "The Wall of the Communards" still stands; and the sculptured faces that peer from it are at once a challenge to capitalist rule and a monument to the martyrs of the Commune.

那些一度雕刻在墙上的、后来被剥落的公社社员们的脸，是对资本主义秩序的挑战，也是巴黎公社烈士的纪念碑。

A fragment about a size 300x400X10mm spalled from a φ400×1200mm 9Cr_2Mo cold working roll in an accident during rolling strips was investigated.

本文研究了一块300×400×10mm的剥落块，这个剥落块是在轧制带钢时因事故从Φ400×1200mm的9Cr2Mo冷轧工作辊上剥落下来的。

The scale formed on pure Ti is exclusively TiO2 regardless of temperature, while the scales formed onTi3Al and Ti3Al+TiAl were duplex and always spalled after cooling, consisting of the outer-layer of most TiO2 and the inner-layer of most TiO2, Al2O3, and minor Ti(subscript 1-x)S. The formation of Al2O3 is responsible for the reduction in the corrosion rates of Ti-Al alloys as compared to those of pure Ti.

纯Ti在800～1000℃的腐蚀生成物皆是TiO2，而Ti3Al和Ti3Al+TiAl则形成两层易剥落的腐蚀物，包括外层的TiO2，及内层多量TiO2和少量的Al2O3和微量的Ti(下标 1-x)S，其中，Al2O3的生成是造成Ti3Al和Ti3Al+TiAl合金腐蚀速率较纯Ti为低的主因。

The morphological analysis and chemical characterization of the worn surfaces via scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that under titrimetric water lubrication, the hBN in Si3N4-hBN spalled off during the wearing tests and the spalled pits formed on the wearing surface of Si3N4-hBN, and then the debris dropped into the pits to react with water, thus a tribochemical film formed on the wearing surface. The formation of the tribochemical film facilitated smoothing the surfaces of Si3N4-hBN and Si3N4 to create a fine lubrication environment.

在滴定法水润滑条件下，磨屑不易被水带走，当Si3N4-hBN与Si3N4配副摩擦时，由于Si3N4-hBN摩擦面上hBN偏聚区域发生脆性断裂和剥落而形成剥落坑，磨屑在剥落坑中堆积并氧化、水解，反应产物富集于剥落坑中，进而在摩擦表面形成含B2O3和SiO2的摩擦化学反应膜，从而保护了Si3N4-hBN和Si3N4摩擦面，使其变得光滑，为发生流体润滑提供了条件。

A Dense scale on the2O3(Cr/Y=4/1) coated specimen;2O3(Al/Y=3.6/1) coated specimen; Oxide nodules formed at the corner on the specimen coated with2O3(Cr/Y=2/1) deposited for 15 s; Locally spalled scale on the same specimen as in; The trace of cracks in the deposited oxide film on the scale formed on the specimen coated with2O3 (Cr/Y=2/1) deposited for 60 s; Showing the similar trace on the same specimen as in b

沉积复合OTFC试样的氧化层形貌有如下特征：(1)氧化层绝大部分致密、完整、与基体附着良好，晶粒细小（图7a，7b）；(2)在短时间(15s)沉积2O3 OTFC试样的局部表面出现了不均匀氧化（图7c，7d），但只是在沉积Cr/Y=4/1膜试样的局部表面产生了类似无涂层Fe25Cr上剥落的厚膜（图7d）；(3)沉积2O3(Cr/Y=2/1) 60s（图7e）与15s（图7c）的结果不同，前者整个试样表面氧化产物颗粒细小，无粗大氧化物颗粒形成；(4)沉积2O3(Cr/Y=2/1) 60s和2O3(Al/Y=3.6/1)薄膜的试样由于氧化增重非常少，氧化层很薄，刻印着涂层中局部出现的裂纹（图7e，7f），这种印迹的保留可能反映着传质机制的改变，即新氧化物由在外表面形成转变为在外表面以下形成。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。