剥落

Moreover, the pre-treatment and post-treatment processes for the steel sheet subject to continuous zinc plating were also discussed. Results showed that the alkaline zincate plating process had many advantages over conventional alkaline cyanide zinc plating process, including high current efficiency, good throwing power, and strung adhesion strength of the coating.

结果表明，该工艺电流效率高（锌离子含量16~24g/L时，电流效率可提高约20%，镀液均镀能力好（宽度为1m的镀锌薄板，中心点厚度与边缘厚度差不大于10%，镀层结合力优良（将试片180°任意弯曲，镀层无起皮、剥落现象；在烘箱中加热至180-200℃，保温60min，冷水中急剧冷却，镀层无突起、鼓泡、剥落现象），所镀得的镀锌薄钢板适合于钝化和彩涂等后处理。

The results show that the oxidization weight increasing and oxidation time follow the parabolic law at 800℃, no surface oxidation film desquamates, and the oxidation rate is stable. While at boot, the oxidation kinetic curves approximately follow the parabolic law, oxide films begin to desquamate lightly and thickening, and the mass gains are about four times as those at 800℃.

结果表明，熔敷金属在800℃氧化时，氧化增重与氧化时间遵从抛物线规律，表面氧化膜无剥落，氧化速率较稳定；在1000℃氧化时，氧化增重与氧化时间近似遵从抛物线规律，表面氧化膜出现少量剥落，且氧化膜增厚，氧化增重是800℃氧化时的4倍左右。

Thermal oxidation treatment can increase the surface hardness and elastic modulus significantly and reduce the E /H ratio of the TC4, which indicate the treatment can enhance the wear resistance of TC4 alloy. Long time treatment can increase the thickness of the oxide layer, but the outside layer is apt to desquamate during the scratching. The oxide layer closing to substrate has better bonding properties, but microcrack forms as a result of high stress loading, which lead the layer to flake off completely.

长时间的高温氧化可以增加氧化层的厚度，但在划擦过程中氧化层发生两次脱落，表明氧化层由外表层和次外层组成，外层结合力差，易发生一次脆性剥落，内层与基体的结合强度较高，但在较大载荷作用下会产生微裂纹，导致氧化层的二次剥落。

The results show that the naturally-aged 2195 alloy has the best intergranular and exfoliation corrosion resistance. The intergranular and exfoliation corrosion are accelerated with prolonging the increasing aging time at 160℃, which is in accord with the results of polarization tests in IGC solution.

结果表明： 2195合金在自然时效状态下具有较好的抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀能力，但随着在160℃时效时间的延长，其晶间腐蚀与剥落腐蚀倾向逐渐增加；在剥落腐蚀溶液中进行的极化曲线测试也表现出相同的趋势。

In both male and female worms, the tegument showed focal or extensive swelling, fusion, vacuolization, erosion, peeling, and destruction of sensory structures.

雄虫的皮层结节肿大、破溃或从皮层上剥落；在雄虫和雌虫的体表可查见有局灶性或广泛的皮层肿胀、融合、空泡变化、糜烂和剥落，以及感觉结构的破坏。

By means of chemical analysis, rigidity test, metallographic examination and fracture analysis, it was found that the main reason for the backup roll's desquamation was possible crack headspring which was offered by impurity in interior tissue.

通过对其进行成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验及断口分析，确定了支撑辊剥落的原因：内部组织中夹杂物等提供了可能的裂纹源，裂纹在此产生并逐渐扩展，起初因摩擦磨损在轧辊表面形成轻微点蚀及小块剥落，受到辊型和载荷等其他外部因素的影响，在应力集中部位产生大面积剥落，从而导致轧辊报废。

By means of chemical analysis,rigidity test,metallographic examination and fracture analysis,it was found that the main reason for the backup roll's desquamation was possible crack headspring which was offered by impurity in interior tissue.The crack came into being here and then extended outward gradual...

通过对其进行成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验及断口分析，确定了支撑辊剥落的原因：内部组织中夹杂物等提供了可能的裂纹源，裂纹在此产生并逐渐扩展，起初因摩擦磨损在轧辊表面形成轻微点蚀及小块剥落，受到辊型和载荷等其他外部因素的影响，在应力集中部位产生大面积剥落，从而导致轧辊报废。

It was also found that the protecting effect of erodents on the coating surface does exist. The protecting effect will be more evident if using erosion efficiency of unit mass erodent of sand in the slurry to describe the erosivity of erodent. Besides a model is proposed to explain the protection process. The wear mechanism of the coating is the co-operation of ploughing, cracking and ablation.

对涂层的SEM分析可知，除冲蚀粒子在涂层表面的犁沟作用，冲蚀磨损的结果造成涂层的表面生成了系列针孔，其中的一部分为溶剂挥发所至，另外还存在由增强颗粒的剥落和裂纹的扩展造成的涂层剥落产生的孔洞，这将可能为水的吸收和扩散造成有利条件，使复合涂层亚表层产生内应力。

A fragment about a size 300x400X10mm spalled from a φ400×1200mm 9Cr_2Mo cold working roll in an accident during rolling strips was investigated.

本文研究了一块300×400×10mm的剥落块，这个剥落块是在轧制带钢时因事故从Φ400×1200mm的9Cr2Mo冷轧工作辊上剥落下来的。

The morphological analysis and chemical characterization of the worn surfaces via scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that under titrimetric water lubrication, the hBN in Si3N4-hBN spalled off during the wearing tests and the spalled pits formed on the wearing surface of Si3N4-hBN, and then the debris dropped into the pits to react with water, thus a tribochemical film formed on the wearing surface. The formation of the tribochemical film facilitated smoothing the surfaces of Si3N4-hBN and Si3N4 to create a fine lubrication environment.

在滴定法水润滑条件下，磨屑不易被水带走，当Si3N4-hBN与Si3N4配副摩擦时，由于Si3N4-hBN摩擦面上hBN偏聚区域发生脆性断裂和剥落而形成剥落坑，磨屑在剥落坑中堆积并氧化、水解，反应产物富集于剥落坑中，进而在摩擦表面形成含B2O3和SiO2的摩擦化学反应膜，从而保护了Si3N4-hBN和Si3N4摩擦面，使其变得光滑，为发生流体润滑提供了条件。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷