剖面

In the western region of Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area, the stacked deep seismic reflection section shows 2～3 groups of strong reflective layers and a series of basement faults. In the eastern region of Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area, there is a set of dense, westward-dipping, reflective strata with relatively strong energy, which have the typical characteristics of sedimentary basin. The largest depth of the sedimentary basin is about 8～9 km.

剖面TWT3～4 s以上，反射层位丰富，构造形态清晰，且在剖面上具有明显不同的构造特征；在三河—平谷地震区以西，剖面揭示了2～3组反射能量较强的反射震相和一系列错断基底面的断裂，在三河—平谷地震区以东，为一套自东向西倾伏的密集强反射层，这套反射具有典型的沉积盆地特征，盆地最深处约为8～9 km。

From the composite section, it can be found that some fossils'range zones are too short. Maybe it is caused by the fossils not preserved properly or the samples not collected comprehensively. Most fossils'first occurrence data are later than the ages which are defined by the MIDK4 composite section. It is probably caused by the Foraminifer zones in Tethyan- Himalaya which are not isochronous with other areas. It can also be recognized that there are two major extinction and revival events at the boundary of Cenomanian/Turonian and the boundary of Coniacian/ Santonian. They are coincident with the two Ocean Anoxic Events and can be considered as the typical response by creatures.

在复合剖面上可以发现：一些化石的延限非常短，这可能是由于化石保存不完整或者样品采集不全造成的；大部分化石的首现面年龄值都要晚于MIDK4数据库复合剖面给出的年龄值，这可能是由于特提斯喜马拉雅带与全球其他地区的有孔虫化石带不等时造成的；同时，可以在复合剖面上识别出在Cenomanian/Turonian界线附近和Coniacian/Santonian界线附近存在两次大规模的生物灭绝和复苏事件，这正好与两次大洋缺氧事件发生的时间一致，可以作为缺氧事件的生物标志。

The concrete work is as follows:(1) Compare and research two typical algorithms which generate the profile: one is the intersectional generating profile algorithm, the other is the interpolation generating profile algorithm.

具体工作内容如下：(1)比较研究了剖面生成的两种典型算法---求交式剖面生成算法和插值式剖面生成算法。

This paper explain the results and suggests that the upper part of the section is normal loess/paleosol series, while the lower part is redeposited loess and paleosols.

结合该剖面的岩石磁学性质与该区域其他剖面以及洛川剖面的对比，本文的解释是该剖面上部为正常的黄土古土壤序列，而底部为再搬运沉积的黄土古土壤。

Based on traditional balanced cross section in pure geometry, we put forward a method of physical balanced cross section that has two basic principles: normal direction conservation and deform matching.

作者在纯几何学方法的平衡剖面技术的基础上，着重考虑了岩石变形的物理规律，并根据岩石变形机理和物质守恒原理，提出了以法线不变原则和变形匹配原则为基础的物理平衡剖面法，实现了复杂的原始地质构造剖面的自动化恢复。

The presterssed anchor cable frame combined with backwall, drainage is necessary due to longtime sability and permanent utilization.Firstly,according the study of engineering of geology situation of the high slope, the mechanism of deformation failure and the major hazard of the high slope of PanMei is analysed comprehensively.And the whole slope is divided into two different geology enginnering areas:Western slope(1160 section plane -1240 section plane)and Eastern slope(1240 section plane -1320 section plane). The result of 3D numerical simulation is the same as geology judgement. Later,slope cut (1:0.75) is implemented based on the engineering comparison and criterion.Meanwhile, Limit equilibrium method , Monte Carlo Probabilistic slope stability the stability , Sensitivity analysis and Finent element method of for assessing the cutted slope stability is carried out. The result indicates that Western slope is instable, Eastern slope is relatively stable.So much attention should be paid to Western slope.Different reinforcement measures in different areas are given according to its stability and meet economical request. Gravity wall is introduced in accordance with landform in order to prevent small falling at the foot of the high slope ,which will be a threat to the high slope stability. Handling measure is also applied to Eastern slope. At last,FLAC3D numerical analysis shows the feasibility and reasonableness of the handling measure of the high slope.

论文首先研究了边坡的工程地质条件，全面分析边坡的变形破坏机制和边坡的主要地质灾害，将边坡分为西段不稳定边坡区(1160剖面～1240剖面)和东段相对稳定边坡区(1240剖面～1320剖面)，通过三维数值模拟再现了边坡在自重作用下的破坏机制和过程；在此基础上通过工程类比和规范要求，确定按照1：0.75进行放坡处理，并分析了放坡后边坡的稳定性状况，分别通过极限平衡法、蒙特卡洛法概率分析、参数敏感性分析和有限元稳定性计算等多种方法对边坡在各种工况下的进行稳定性研究，计算结果表明，西段边坡较之东段边坡稳定情况差，是边坡支护的关键之处，而东段边坡相对是稳定的；边坡的综合治理措施选用的是框架锚索并结合挡土墙和排水工程，治理设计根据不同区段的稳定性情况采用不同的支护结构，做到了经济合理的要求；在边坡的坡脚设置重力式挡土墙，防治边坡小规模的崩塌，会对上部的锚索支护护造成不利影响，进而影响边坡的稳定；东段边坡的填方区也给出了治理对策；最后通过三维显示拉各朗日有限差分程序(FLAC3D)模拟了高边坡放坡和支护效果，论证了治理措施的有效性和合理性。

The chemical weathering index, K/Na ratio, eluvial coefficientand A-CN-K diagram , can availably indicate the evolution of pedogenic environment. The A-CN-K and CIA-K/Na diagram showed that the Holocene paleosol was in the primary stage of weathering, which K-feldspar went through weak weathering and K was less leached with much leach of Ca and Na. The intensity of weathering went stronger gradually from west to east in the Weihe Valley.

对化学风化指数、K/Na比值、残积系数等化学综合参数的研究结果显示，各项地球化学参数可有效指示成壤环境与成壤强度；从A-CN-K风化趋势图和CIA-K/Na比较图中可知，渭河流域三个剖面风化程度最高的全新世古土壤基本处于同一风化阶段，即脱Ca、Na，尚未到达脱K的阶段，还是风化较弱的初级阶段，但三者的风化程度是存在差异的，风化程度XJN剖面最低，JYC-N剖面最高，ETC剖面介于其中，说明渭河流域自西北向东南风化程度逐渐增强。

Based on this idea, the author has chosen two typical loess sections of Luochuan, and Xifeng for this study, collected the successive loess columns; To probe the conditional experiments of BeO sample preparation and measurement, and improve the existing method; On the basis of the technology improvement, the author has finished 402 samples' BeO preparation and AMS measurement; Also at the same time, to separate quartz from samples at 1 cm interval for both Luochuan and Xifeng sections systematically, to carry out measurements of quartz grain-size, SUS, grey scale, carbonate content and bulk sample density; By using the grain size model, the author has set up the chronological framework for both Luochuan, and Xifeng sections and the time sequence of millennial scale abrupt climate events recorded in loess strata, and reconstructed the East Asian monsoon history over 130ka by using multi proxies; Finally, to discuss the possible mechanisms of palaeoclimatic changes tentatively.

详细地球科学的发展离不开高精度和高分辨率的研究。运用长寿命核素如〓Be作为环境过程的示踪，已成为不可替代的有效工具。本论文选择洛川、西峰两个典型的黄土剖面，连续采集柱状样；探索了BeO样品制备、测量的条件实验，改进了原有的方法，完成了402个BeO样品的制备和AMS测量；同时还系统地分离洛川、西峰剖面高分辨率（1cm）黄土、古土壤样品中的碎屑石英，测量了碎屑石英粒度，以及全样的磁化率、灰度、碳酸盐含量和容重等古气候代用指标；采用粒度年代模式建立了洛川剖面和西峰剖面的年代标尺，建立了黄土地层记录的千年尺度的气候突变事件的时间序列，多指标重建了最近130ka东亚季风变迁史；初步讨论了古气候变迁的可能机制。

Result The skewed parabolic profile is observed in CCA under 1:60 curvature and physiological average Reynolds number. As curvature and Reynolds number increase, the middle of horizontal profile appears sunken and the vertical profile is M-shaped. There are different profile shapes in different localities along the curved pipe.

结果 当颈总动脉的曲率等于1：60 时，在人生理平均流动雷诺数条件下，颈总动脉的速度剖面可用偏斜的抛物面来近似；当颈总动脉曲率增大或流动雷诺数增大时，弯曲平面上的速度剖面中部出现下凹趋势，垂直方向上出现M型速度剖面；沿管轴不同位置上的速度剖面形状不同。

A typical profile of Daqiao peatland in the Changbaishan Mountains is chosen for this study. The vertical distribution of major and selected trace elements in the sediments of the profile was determined. Its implications for the climatic change in the Holocene are discussed. The profile was compared with another standard profile named Jinchuan in this area.

本文选择长白山地区典型的泥炭剖面－大桥剖面，探讨其沉积物常量元素和微量元素的垂直分布规律及其对全新世气候变化的指示作用，并与该区另一代表剖面－金川泥炭剖面进行对比。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。