前蛹

The time interval of the pigmentation of JBM and JBW were nearly the same, both began to pigmentize 30min after moulting, and the body color was stable until 6h after moulting, the pigmentation of obdomen was slower than wing pad. After 6h, JBW was totally brown, and JBM was black, JBW was black only one or two days before emergence.

JBM和JBW蛹着色由浅入深的时间间隔几乎是相同的，都是在蜕皮后30min开始轻微着色，到6h时体色基本稳定，翅芽着色比腹部着色慢。6h后，JBW完全着褐色，JBM完全着黑色，JBW只有在羽化前一两天才变黑。

Methods The necrophagous fly L. sericata were reared at constant temperature of 20 ℃, 24 ℃ and 28 ℃ respectively and were tempted to lay eggs with lean pork. One Sample was taken at 12 h intervals till 50% of the larvae were in pupae stage. Then, the anterior spiracle, posterior spiracle and cephalopharyngeal skeleton were investigated through digital image processing combined with morphologic observation.

在20 ℃、24 ℃和28 ℃下饲养丝光绿蝇，瘦猪肉诱其产卵，每隔12 h取样1次，直至50%以上幼虫化蛹为止，采用形态观察与图像分析相结合的方法对幼虫前气门、后气门、头咽骨进行观察研究。

Our previous studies have shown that ubiquitous overexpression of HmgD caused hemocytes proliferation and the formation of melanotic tumors in the Drosophila larvae. To clarify the mechanism of melanotic tumors appearance,we also generated RT-PCR analysis to test the transcriptional changes of PPAE and Spn27A,which encode the key factors in the phenoloxidasecascade pathway from larvae samples of mid-third instar,late-third instar and prior to pupation relative to wild type flies.Our result showed that in the HmgD overexpression mid-third instar larvae,the expression level.of Spn27A was lower than wild type,otherwise the expression level of PPAE was higher than wild type.It suggests that overexpression of HmgD affects the PO cascade pathway.

本研究组前期工作发现，过量表达HmgD引起果蝇幼虫体内血细胞增生，并出现黑色素瘤，为探讨HmgD过量表达导致了血细胞增生即形成黑色素瘤的分子机制，本研究分别提取三龄中期、后期和相对于野生型化蛹前时刻的幼虫的RNA，首先检测了编码酚氧化酶级联反应途径中的两个关键基因PPAE，Spn27A在突变体中的转录发生变化，结果发现，Spn27A在三龄中期的表达量低于野生型，而PPAE的表达高于野生型，表明过量表达HmgD影响了酚氧化酶级联反应途径，低水平的Spn27A不足以抑制PPAE的活性，活化的PPAE催化了PPO的活性，使其转变成有活性的PO，从而促进黑色素的生成，使果蝇体内产生黑色素瘤。

The black spots ocurred in the fore wings of male were under photoperiodic control.

雄虫前翅黑斑的出现是由光周期控制的，只有在短日照下诱导的滞育蛹，滞育解除后羽化出来的雄虫才会出现黑斑。

The SG showed highest FXPRLamide peptides titer in neural organs. Using an antiserum against H. armigera PBAN, PBAN-like immunoreactivity was detected in the SG and TG of Antheraea yamamai by whole-mount immunocytochemistry, and there were three clusters cells in the SG which shows positive PBAN-like immunoreactivity. The titers of FXPRLamide peptides immunoreactivity in the hemolymph kept a steady level. When pupation, the titer increased promptly, but decreased to a low level after early pupal stage.

这证明了天蚕可能存在FXPRLamide家族神经肽中的DH-PBAN基因；天蚕的咽下神经节中FXPRLamide神经肽含量最高，咽下神经节有三簇细胞合成FXPRLamide神经肽，在胸神经节和腹神经节也有明显的阳性细胞；天蚕5龄幼虫的血淋巴中FXPRLamide神经肽含量比较稳定，化蛹前含量升高，蛹期含量降低。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了