前腹

Methods:One hundred patients underwent pallidotomy and thalamotomy for Parkinson's disease by means of microelectrode recording used as intraoperative target localization between Oct. 1997 and Apr. 1998. The patients were assessed by means of UPDRS.

采用微电极细胞电生理记录技术进行术中靶点监测，对100例帕金森病患者行苍白球腹后部(96例)和丘脑腹外侧核(4例)毁损术，患者术前及术后评估采用UPDRS积分，术中靶点更换率为87%。

Gray matter damage was assessed on the basis of the number of normal neurons in the ventral horn. White matter damage was assessed on the basis of the extent of vacuolation and amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in the ventral and ventrolateral white matter.

根据腹角内正常神经元的数目评估灰质损伤程度，而白质损伤则根据空泡形成的程度以及腹内和腹外侧白质的淀粉样前质蛋白免疫原性来评估。

Methods Modification I:Transverse incision was chosen on epigastirc,a piece of about 3×5 cm fascil strip with pedical as well as bilateral anterior and posterior sheath of recus and peritoneum was pulled through transverse mesocolon functioning as the supporting stick of traditional loop ostomy.The colon of ostomy was buried subcutaneously,stoma was opened instantly or secondarily depending on the patients′s condition.

一、选择上腹部正中线横向切口，将腹白线两旁的腹直肌前、后鞘连同腹膜切成3×5cm的带蒂筋膜条穿过横结肠系膜并缝合固定，替代传统袢式造瘘的支撑棒，造瘘肠段埋于皮下，根据病情需要直接或二期开放造瘘口，余手术操作基本同传统袢式造瘘术。

Objective To identify prognostic factors of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vatar after pancreatoduodenectomy, and provide evidence for survival evaluation and individualization treatment.

作者：姚厚山，王强，王伟军，余宏宇，许超，胡志前作者单位：(第二军医大学附属长征医院普通外科，上海 200003)目的通过综合评价总结出影响壶腹癌预后的因素，为壶腹癌患者的预后判断及个性化治疗提供依据。

Physical examination:T38 C, R32/min, P120/min, dyspyoria, Fontanel 1.5×1.5cm2, sunken, orbit sunken, decreasedSkin turgor, dry lip, dry periglottis, pharynx, heart rate 120/min, no arrhythmia, mild dull heart sounds, lungs, mild abdomen swelling, soft abdomen, not palpated liver 1.5cm below ribs, bowel sounds 10～12/min, no high notes,two lower limbs patellar reflex negative

体查：T38 C，R32次/分，P120次/分，烦躁不安，体查不合作，前稳囟1.5×1.5cm2，凹陷，眼眶凹陷，皮肤弹性差，唇干燥，舌粘膜干燥，咽，心率120次/分，率齐，心音稍钝，双肺，腹稍隆起，腹软，肝肋下1.5cm未扪及，肠鸣音10～12次/分，未闻及高调音，双下肢膝腱反射阴性。

In midline, the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath fuse to separate the 2 recti and form the linea alba.

在正中线，腹直肌鞘前层和后层融合形成白线，将两侧腹直肌分开。

Arrows point to the anterior rectus sheath, peritoneum, and fascia transversalis.

箭头指向腹直肌鞘前层、腹膜和腹横筋膜。

Results IL-6R immunoreactive cells were observed in the anterior of optical area,the ventromedial nucleus,the periventricular nucleus and arcurate nucleus of the hypothalamus.The strongly stained cells are concentrated in the granule cell layer of the dentdate gyrus and the pyramidal cells of the CA1-CA2 fields of the hippocampus.IL-6R positive cells are also detected in the cortex, the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus,bed nu stria,olfaltory tubercle.

结果 IL-6R 免疫反应性细胞主要分布在下丘脑的视前区、腹内侧核、室旁核和弓状核；在海马， IL-6R 阳性细胞呈强阳性，密集分布于齿状回颗粒细胞层和 CA1～ CA2锥体细胞层；在大脑皮层、嗅结节、丘脑腹内侧核、终纹床核等处也有 IL-6R 阳性细胞。

The 4th left rib was cut and a model of left coronary artery occlusion/release was carried outo Rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: control group without LCA occlusion (group A, n=6);I/R group(group B, n=6); ketamine(5mg.kg-1)+I/R group (group C, n=6); ketamine(10mg.kg-1)+I/R group(group D,n=6)o All rats in groups B, C , D were subjected to 30 minutes of LCA occlusion followed by 120minutes of reperfusion. Rats in group C and D were injected with 5mg.kg-1 and 10mg.kg-1 of ketamine before reperfusion, respectively. Significant electrocardiogram and color changes at the area at risk were considered indicative of successful coronary occlusion and reperfusionc Serum was exampled from left jugular vein at 30 minutes and 120 minutes during reperfusion to measure IL-6 and TNF- level by ELISA measurements. After reperfusion of 120 minutes, the heart was removed and the cardiac apex was exampled with snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 C .

采用左冠状动脉前降支结扎开放建立心肌缺血／再灌注模型，健康SD大鼠24只，随机分为心包打开假手术组(A组，n=6)，缺血／再灌注对照组(B组，n=6)，5 mg·kg~(-1)氯胺酮+缺血／再灌注组C组，n=6，缺血30min后右腹股静脉注入5 mg·kg~(-1氯胺酮，10mg·kg~(-1)KTM+I／R组D组，n=6，缺血30min后右腹股静脉注入10 mg·kg~(-1氯胺酮。10％水合氯醛40 mg·kg~(-1)腹腔注射麻醉，气管切开，连接多功能监护仪记录心电图；小动物呼吸机人工呼吸，呼吸频率60次／分，潮气量2ml／100g，于左胸第四肋间打开胸腔暴露心脏，在左心耳下1mm左冠状动脉处，用丝线，眼科外用不锈钢小圆针穿过心肌浅层，稳定10min后将U型含有铜丝的胶管置于冠状动脉表面一起结扎(A组不结扎，B、C、D组结扎)；结扎开始左心室心尖部即由红色变暗，30 min后呈暗红色，心电图中出现S-T段抬高，说明缺血形成。

Only 7% of ascitic fluid cytologies are positive50 yet cytological examination is 60–90% accurate in the diagnosis of malignant ascites, especially when several hundred millilitres of fluid is tested and concentration techniques are used.12 Clinicians should liaise with their local cytology department to discuss fluid requirements before paracentesis.

只有7％的腹水细胞学检查阳性50，不过在恶性腹水的诊断中细胞学检查准确率达60-90％，尤其是当腹水检测量达数千ml并且应用浓缩技术时。12在腹穿进行前临床医生应该与本地细胞学实验室保持联络以讨论所需要的腹水量。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。