前突的

The results of these cellular experiments are quantitatively similar to the results of behavioral experiments with the same protocol and parameters, suggesting that activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation may make a significant contribution to classical conditioning of the withdrawal reflex.

这些细胞实验与同样方法和参数下的行为学实验有著同样的定量结果表明突触前的活动依赖性增幅对撤回反射中的经典制约有重大贡献。

It barred the vast opening of the faubourg, that is to say, three streets, from angle to angle; ravined, jagged, cut up, divided, crenelated, with an immense rent, buttressed with piles that were bastions in themselves throwing out capes here and there, powerfully backed up by two great promontories of houses of the faubourg, it reared itself like a cyclopean dike at the end of the formidable place which had seen the 14th of July.

它挡住进入那一郊区的一大片岔路口，就是说，从这端到那端，它连续遮拦着三个街口，忽高忽低，若断若续，或前或后，零乱交错，在一个大缺口上筑了成行的雉堞，紧接着又是一个又一个土堆，构成一群棱堡，向前伸出许多突角；背后，稳如磐石地靠着两大排凸出的郊区房屋，象一道巨大的堤岸，出现在曾经目击过七月十四日的广场底上。

Gene mutations were detected in 25 patients and a 18-year-old girl among 16 families. Trinucleotide repeats of CAG were 73～79. The fragments of abnormal alleles were 380～402bp, and all patients were heterozygous. The copy numbers of normal alleles were 18～40, fragments from 202～270bp. SCV reduction was much obvious compared to MCV, MCV and SCV in lower limb ?ere much more slow than that in upper's. BAEP, VEP were also delayed in latency. The anticipation in parental sex bias were much more obvioius than that in matental's. Cerebellar ataxia was most severe, the next were dysarthria and bulging eyes. Amytrophy was seen only in bed ridden patients. Cerebellar atrophy was more severe than brain stem, cord atrophy was n't observed in all MJD.

结果检出10个家系25例病人及1例症状前18岁女孩有MJD基因突变，CAG三核苷酸重复73～79次，异常等位基因片段长380～402bp，均为杂合子；正常人CAG三核苷酸重复18～40次，等位片段长200～270bp，电生理发现MJD的SCV减慢比MCV明显，而下肢的MCV、SCV又较上肢明显，BAEP、VEP均有不同程度的潜伏期延长或波的异常；MJD的父亲遗传早于母亲，进展也较块，临床以小脑性共济失调为突出症状，其次为构音障碍、突眼等，肌肉萎缩仅见于晚期病人；MRI示小脑萎缩较明显，脑干萎缩并不严重，未见明显的颈髓萎缩。

From 136 to 138, the expres- sion retrieved ventrally and expressed at the ventral half of the central tube (137) and the ventral horn especially in motor neurons (E7 and E8). Thus, the dorsal terminating axons relating to nociception and thermore?

到民至 Es麻Sema 3A的mRN的表达向腹侧撤退，主要在脊髓中央管周围的腹侧和前角运动神经元，这样使背侧投射性的痛温觉神经元轴突仅进入脊髓后角第 I、11层而不进一步向腹侧投射。

Given this finding, it seems likely that the mechanism underlying response to fluoxetine in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder is distinct from that postulated for major depression, which involves postsynaptic downregulation of serotonergic receptors over a period of weeks.

假设这一发现是正确的，则fluoxetine治疗月经前焦虑障碍的机制可能与治疗严重抑郁症不同，后者与突触后血清素激活受体的下调节有关联且维持数周的期间。

Objective To examine the value of Edaravone in the treatment of vascular dementia through ethologic and pathologic changes induced by chronic cerebral ischemiaMethods Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operated group,model group,edaravone group and duxil groupThe chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models were made by permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteriesThe memory ability and ultramicrostructure of brain tissue were observedResults The escape latencies in model group were more significantly prolonged than that in the other groups (P＜005)But there was no significant difference between edaravone and duxil groupAnd pathologic changes observed by electron microscope in nerve cell of edaravone group and duxil group and model group were fairly light than that in sham operated groupEdaravone group had increased mitochondrium and frontal membranous synaptic vesicle and more productive metabolic activityConclusions Edaravone can lessen injures of hippocampal neurons loss to improve the spatial learning and memory abilitiesAnd it is proved further that edaravone can treat VD

目的 观察依达拉奉对慢性缺血致血管性痴呆大鼠行为学及形态学的影响，探讨依达拉奉在治疗VD中的应用价值。方法实验分假手术组、模型组及都可喜对照组及依达拉奉治疗组，应用双侧颈总动脉结扎方法制备慢性脑缺血大鼠痴呆模型，观察各组大鼠的记忆功能及脑组织超微结构改变。结果缺血组水迷宫表现同对照组、都可喜组及依达拉奉组相比有显著差异(P＜005)，依达拉奉组与都可喜组相比未见显著差异。同时电镜观察结果也发现依达拉奉组及都可喜组与模型组及假手术组相比神经细胞病理改变较轻，且依达拉奉组线粒体及前膜突触小泡增多，代谢活动较都可喜组旺盛。结论依达拉奉可能通过减轻海马神经元的损伤来改善慢性脑缺血大鼠空间学习记忆障碍，证明依达拉奉对慢性缺血致VD大鼠具有治疗作用。

Here we present evidence that NMDA receptors not only contribute to normal synaptic responses induced by stimulation of local layer V or white matters, but also contribute to generation of action potentials induced by a depolarizing step applied to the soma.

我们的研究表明，NMDA受体不仅参与刺激前扣带皮层的第五层细胞或刺激白质诱导的突触反应，而且参与在胞体施加去极化跃阶电流诱导的动作电位的发放。

The results suggest that the enhancement of GABA-activated currents by OT may suppress primary sensory transmission by potentiating pre-synaptic inhibition of GABA.

以上结果提示：OT受体激活后可能通过相应的胞内转导机制增强GABA激活电流，从而在初级感觉神经元水平加强GABA的突触前抑制作用而减弱感觉信息的传递。

These changes, which depend on transcription and translation, include formation of motile presynaptic filopodia, elaboration of undifferentiated varicosities, and potentiation of spontaneous release frequency.

这种依赖转录和翻译的变化包括动力型突触前丝状伪足的形成和未分化神经膨体的修饰，以及自发释放频率的增强等。

It's fascinating," says Strodel, 44, of Atlanta, Georgia, as Yturriondobeitia stirs the hours-old milk from the farm's small herd of Brown Swiss cows, which are grazing in the grassy fields just outside."

现年四十四岁、来自乔治亚州亚特兰大的史特罗德尔这么说。这时尤突芮恩杜贝蒂亚正在搅拌几个小时前刚挤好的牛奶。这些牛奶是从一小群正在门外茂密草原上吃草的瑞士乳牛身上挤出来的。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！