前沿

BACKGROUND: Many cutting-edge microarray analysis tools and algorithms, including commonly used limma and affy packages in Bioconductor, need sophisticated knowledge of mathematics, statistics and computer skills for implementation.

背景：很多前沿的(cutting-edge)微阵列分析工具和算法，包括常用的Bioconductor中的limma和affy包，需要数学上的专业知识，统计和计算机技能才能实现。

In this dissertation, the weak gels with good thermal stability and/or salt tolerance for use in EOR were prepared from HPAM and aluminium citrate or the compound containing hydroxymethyl groups in aqueous solution. The gelation mechanisms, structure, and properties of the HPAM-AlCA and HPAM-PRIM gels were investigated. For the HPAM-AlCA gelling system, the effects of aluminium : citrate and pH value on the properties of AlCA were systematically studied.

本文以研制高性能价格比的提高石油采收率用聚合物材料为目标，在耐温抗盐水溶性聚合物研究工作的基础上，选择聚合物弱凝胶这一前沿课题为研究对象，对HPAM-柠檬酸铝凝胶的有关基础问题进行了研究，研制出了具有优异耐温抗盐性能的HPAM-PRIM弱凝胶，解决了采用聚合物提高石油采收率的高性能与低成本之间的矛盾。

With the in-depth application and ampliative demand of Geographical Information System, analyzing, calculating and expressing the geographic phenomena in the different scales and resolutions have become the hot focus and up to date issues.

随着地理信息系统(GIS：Geographical Information System)应用的深入和需求的扩大，在不同分辨率、不同空间尺度上对地理现象进行分析、计算和表达，已成为GIS研究领域内的热点和前沿问题。多尺度空间数据库集成和计算技术是GIS应用和服务需要解决的重要技术问题。

I Xinkang companies and work closely with the Biotechnology Research Institute, and on the forefront of bio-industry experts to maintain good relations, and actively engaged in biological products and the utility model of social production and conversion products, has developed a licensing Qiushi disinfectants, antibacterial Qiushi licensing lotion, lotion Qiushi unlicensed nursing women, shower gel, hand-washing night Qiushi glass to fog antifrost licensing agent series products, our company strong technical force, advanced equipment, products, by the Guangdong Provincial Health Laboratory Center, detection of E. coli , Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans to the killing rate of 100% and non-toxic side effects.

我公司和新康生物技术研究所紧密合作、并与生物行业有关前沿专家保持良好关系，积极从事生物制品和实用新型产品的社会生产转化，目前已开发出秋实牌消毒剂、秋实牌抗菌洗液、秋实牌妇女护理洗液、沐浴露、洗手夜、秋实牌玻璃去雾防霜剂等系列产品，我公司技术力量雄厚，设备先进，产品经广东省卫生检测中心检测对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的下们杀灭率达100%且无毒副作用。

The propagation property of apertured laser beams (propagation and control of actual high-power lasers) is a complicated and challenging subject in the field of high-power-laser technology and a frontier subject many researchers devoting to.

受光阑限制光束传输特性(实际强激光的传输与控制)是强激光技术研究领域中面临的具有相当的复杂性和挑战性的课题，也是国际同行们正在努力研究的前沿课题。

Making use of nitrogen and phosphorus in high density aquacultural wastewaters is not only a low-cost and sustainable treatment technology, but can also be a source of additional income.

利用养殖废水中的N、P等营养元素进行农业生产不仅是一种低成本的生态处理技术，而且能够产生一定的经济效益，一直是本学科的前沿研究领域和国际热点。

In addition, the oxidation damage of theproteins and enzymes by the active oxygen is a attractable field for free radical biology andmedical sciences.

另外，活性氧对蛋白质和酶的氧化损伤是自由基生物学与医学的前沿研究领域。

In the course of experimental teaching, a virtual research subject about effects of He-Ne laser innovation ability, integrated analysis ability and autocephaly scientific reseach ability, was used for understanding and holding a normal rule and metthod to offer experience for scientific research in the future.

在实验教学中，我们结合聚γ-谷氨酸生产菌He-Ne激光辐射效应这一具体的科研课题，让学生以一个接近科技前沿的科研实验为导线，培养学生的创新能力、综合分析能力和独立开展科学研究的能力，由此了解和掌握科研的一般规律和方法，为其以后从事科学研究提供实践经验。

The surface subsidence in the Yellow River delta foreland area brings changes to the land surface height there, and the depth datum in the bathymetric survey is determined on the basis of the level of land bench mark, so the changes in the level of land bench mark will affect the determination of depth datum and the accuracy of bathymetric survey.

国家海洋局，第一海洋研究所，山东青岛 266061文章摘要：黄河三角洲前沿的陆地由于受地面沉降的影响，使地面高程不断发生变化。在水深测量中，深度基准面是根据陆地水准点高程确定的，陆地水准点高程的变化影响深度基准面的确定，从而影响水深测量的准确性。

The surface subsidence in the Yellow River delta foreland area brings changes to the land surface height there,and the depth datum in the bathymetric survey is determined on the basis of the level of land bench mark,so the changes in the level of land bench mark will affect the determination of depth datum and the accuracy of bathymetric survey.

又由于黄河海港附近有一无潮点，其附近的潮汐性质变化大，在黄河三角洲前沿大范围水深测量中，根据测区潮位变化设立足够的验潮站及统一各个验潮站的水尺零点到同一个深度基准面上，是保证水深测量结果可靠的关键。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。