前沿

The result is that fewer people are drawn to the cutting edge of noncommercial scientific research.

结果，从事尖端前沿的非商业性科学研究的人越来越少。

Nanomaterials have many new characterizes which different from the normal materials for their small size, big surface area ratio and quanta dimension domino effect, for examples, the metal with good conductor will be turned into nonmetal when the size is reduced tonanometer levels; the resistance of originally nonconductor will be descended greatly when its size is reduced several nanometers or so, and loss the nonconductor property; the general solid is steady under certain conditions, while under nanometer conditions, the capabilities will be effected greatly by the granule sizes, the newness characteristics made nanomaterials have great appliance foreground on catalyze, optics, and industry produce and so on, therefore the nanomaterials have been the hotspot for materials science, chemistry science and so on.

纳米材料由于尺寸小、比表面积大和量子尺寸效应使它具有不同于常规固体材料的新的特征，如原来是良导体的金属，当尺寸减小到纳米量级时就变成非金属型；原来是绝缘体的物质，当尺寸减小到几纳米或几十纳米时电阻大大下降，失去了绝缘体特性；常规固体在一定条件下物理性能是稳定的，在纳米状态下，颗粒尺寸对性能产生强烈的影响等等，这些新奇的特点使得纳米材料在催化、光学、工业生产等各个方面都有着广阔的应用前景，因此，纳米材料目前已经成为材料科学、物理学及化学等学科的前沿热点。1990年7月在美国巴尔基摩召开了国际第一届纳米科学技术会议，正式把纳米材料科学作为材料科学的一个新的分支公布于世。

It not only discovered the reason that caused the industrial noneffective, moreover through the effective front surface "the projection" analysis, has discovered the key aspect and the improvement goal in invests and delivers when the non-DEA effective industry transforms for DEA effective.

本文运用数据包络分析法对青海省36个产业近年来的投入产出效率进行了测算分析，不仅找出了导致产业非有效的原因，而且通过产业在有效前沿面上的"投影"分析，找出了非DEA有效的产业转变为DEA有效时，在投入和产出中的关键因素及其改进目标。

Methane, oxygen and H_2O molecules are activated, ionized and dissociated into active particles such as CH_3~+, O~-, H_2O~+, CH_3, CH_2, CH, H,OH and O, by nonelastic collision with high energy electrons. The particles react with each other in the reactor to synthesize chemically products including gaseous oxy-hydrocarbons.We study the rule of reaction by changing electrical parameter, gas flow etc. Study the conversion of methane, selectivity of gaseous hydrocarbons and yield of methanol under different reaction condition.

针对常规甲烷催化转化和氧化偶联制备含氧化合物的问题，遵循国际化学科学研究前沿"绿色化学"原则，采用自然界存在丰富的CH_4、H_2O和O_2为原料，在绿色友好的常温大气压无任何催化剂的条件下，采用强电场电离放电加速电子及其激励气体分子的极端物理手段，在反应腔体内进行无任何环境污染的非平衡等离子体化学反应，将气体分子激发、电离、离解成CH_4~+、CH_3~+、CH_4~·、H_2O~+、H_2O~·、O_2~+、O(~1D)等活性粒子，生成气态烃及含氧碳氢化合物，整个反应过程实现零污染、零副产品。

The art teacher's teaching curriculum in America and Hong Kong embodies openness of normal education and a lot of curricula, emphasizing advanced front, closely combines with the foundation education reform, attaches importance to education speciality and information technology training, and values teaching noviciate and practice.

美国与中国香港地区美术教师教育课程体现了师范教育的开放性，从单一化走向多样化；课程门类多，注重前沿学科，并与基础教育的改革紧密衔接；教育课程重视教育专业和资讯科技的培训，重视教学见习、实习。

It is one of the most frontal fields of nuclear physics to study nuclear structure and reaction mechanism in extreme conditions.

在极端条件下，研究核结构、反应机制是当前核物理研究的前沿领域之一。

Working Distance is the distance from lens front to object.

上面说的22厘米跟14厘米是工作距离，即镜头前沿到被摄物的距离。

The ocean floor is the final spending frontier for the world's richest people.

海底是世界上最富有的人烧钱的终极前沿。

Chapter 3 is a summary of literature on pension home and abroad.

其主要目的是试图在全面梳理国内外研究该问题的基础上，跟踪国外前沿，使本论文的研究可以在一个更高的起点上展开。

One kind of stretching and loading equipment is designed based on the theory of stretch of rounded membrane.

细胞力学是现代生物力学发展的前沿领域，其研究基础和关键是细胞加载技术。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐