前概念

On basis of analysis of geological characteristics of compressional basins in the world,the concept and theory of piedmont and piedmont hydrocarbon accumulation was proposed.

在分析了国内外压性盆地油气地质规律的基础上，提出了"山前"和"山前油气富集成藏"的概念及理论认识。

The research instruments included " Science Concept Comprehension Test, Science-related Attitudes Scale, and Problem Solving Ability Test". The results of this study were that: STS group had significantly positive effect than traditional group on SCCT, SRAS and PSAT.(2) Field-independent students had significantly positive effect than Field-dependent on SCCT.(3) There were no interaction between teaching methods and cognitive styles.

刊究结果发现在问题解决能力、科学理解与科学相关态度三方面，STS组学生皆较一般组学生有正向的表现，且前测并不影响学童在此三方面的后测表现；在认知风格上，场地独立性的学童在科学概念理解上表现较场地依赖性者正向，但不同认知风格学童在科学相关态度和问题解决能力两方面并没有显著差异；学生的认知风格和教学法之间，在科学概念理解、科学相关态度和问题解决能力三方面皆无交互作用产生。

In brief, the concept is, you must establish substantial overlap with the car ahead before a corner's turn-in point to have the right for room to be left for you by the ahead driver.

简而言之，概念即是，你必须在进"入弯点"之前与前车建立"充分的重叠"，使你有权获得前车留给你的行驶空间。

Methods A retrospective study was performed in a group of unoperated bilateral complete cleft lip and palate patients who received simultaneous primary palate repair and alveolar bone grafting.

按照唇腭裂序列治疗的现代概念，腭裂修复应在语音发育开始前完成，一般在出生后 9～ 12个月进行，而齿槽嵴裂植骨修复术的最佳时间应在尖牙未萌出前，牙根形成 1/ 2～ 2 / 3，患者年龄为 9～ 11岁[1] 。

At the moment, however, I want to focus on perception and make three points. The first is a point about the intimacy of the connection between perception and action. It involves an argument designed to show that, contrary to what we might suppose, there is no logical or conceptual gap between our conscious perceptual awareness and our corresponding agential capacities. Needless to say, the argument is designed to make the agential approach to direct perception less unintuitive. The second point is made with the same aim, but proceeds from the opposite side. That is, I argue briefly for the inadequacy of the sense-datum conception of visual perception (the source of virtually everyone's "pre-theoretical" intuitions, regardless of their theoretical commitments). And I do so on phenomenological grounds.

此刻，无论如何，我需要集中在感知上，指出三点。1、关于感知和行为之间的密切关联，这包含一个被设计的论证，以指明在'我们有意识地感知'和'我们有意识地agential能力'之间不存在逻辑或概念上地gap，而无需说，这个被设计的'直接感知的agential进路'的论证更少非直观。2、同样的目的，但起点反过来，即，我简单论证了视觉感知的感觉材料概念的不充足（事实上每个人的前理论直观的源头，无论有何种理论承诺），我做这个基于现象学基础。

Chapter 9 is conclusion and future prospect. There are five innovative findings in the paper. Firstly, the evolvement of extensions and connotations of two reengineering styles is analyzed based on their high risk, and finding their trends of amalgamation. With this, the concept of corporation reengineering is then redefined combining core competence theory and ideas of process change management, and decompounding it into two parts: pre-reengineering and post-reengineering. Its inner relationships are analyzed and explained by economics theory. Secondly, establishing a analysis framework of reengineering risks, risk factors of foreign BPR are analyzed and concluded systematically for the first time. Reengineering risks are divided into three parts: plan, design and executive based on process and project management, then risk factors system is abstracted. Thirdly, 72 reengineering corporations in Jiangsu province are investigated on risk condition. Furthermore, risk factors in every part are analyzed and reduced experimentally by factor analysis method, and a risk factors system to suit Chinese corporation's reengineering is established. Fourthly, setting up a choice model of reengineering projects, the objective optimization model is presented to ascertain the weigh of each factor, a method of sequencing reengineering projects is presented so that risk of each reengineering project can be evaluated and compared effectively. Fifthly, an integration relationship model among IT, BPR and strategy is established aiming at productivity paradox derivative from IT and its dual effects on BPR, IT investment priorities in BPR is narrated deeply.

本论文的创新点体现在五个方面：1）基于上述两种重组方式的高风险性，对它们的外延和内涵演变进行了分析，发现它们日益融合的趋势；然后结合核心能力理论和流程变革管理的思想对企业重组的概念进行了界定，将其分为&前重组&和&后重组&两部分，并对其内部关系进行了详细分析，同时应用经济学理论对其进行了解释。2）建立了重组风险的分析框架，并首次较为全面地分析和归纳了国外企业重组的风险因素，根据重组的过程和步骤以及项目管理的观点，将重组风险划分为计划、设计和执行3个部分，并在此基础上提炼出企业重组的风险指标体系。3）运用现场访谈、问卷调查的方法，调查了江苏省72家企业重组的风险情况，然后利用因子分析法对每一部分的每一风险因素进行实证分析，对风险指标进行了约减，建立了比较完善的适合我国企业的重组风险指标体系。4）建立了重组变革方案的选择模型，然后针对不同的重组方案提出了确定指标权重的目标优化模型，并基于三角模糊数之间两两比较的可能度概念，提出了一种重组方案排序法，从而可以有效地对各种变革方案的风险进行评估和比较。5）针对信息技术所造成的&生产率悖论&现象及其对重组的双重影响，建立了信息技术、企业重组和企业战略之间的整合关系模型，并对重组中信息技术投资的优先权问题进行了深入的阐述。

Due to different foregrounding of the meta-concept, one conceptual structure may be realized by different semantic and syntactic structures.

由于概念层中不同元概念的前设和重合，我们有了不同的语义次层和句法次层。

And Tidermann, as mentioned in the earlier part of this synopsis, was one of the editors of Benjamins colleted works in the German version.

在众多的误读者中，我们选择了三个予以集中批驳，他们是汉娜·阿伦特、格哈德·朔勒姆与罗尔夫·蒂德曼，选择的理由是他们都与本雅明有着非常重要的关系，在本雅明研究界有着决定性的影响：阿伦特是著名的哲学家，也是本雅明的《论历史的概念》的受托人；朔勒姆是本雅明的终生挚友，也曾保管过本雅明在《论历史的概念》中写到的极其有名的画作&新天使&；而蒂德曼前己提及是德文版本雅明全集的编辑者之一。

To make a comprehensive view of metapopulation researches, we folly analyze and summarize the present concepts, theories and models of metapopulation in this paper, which primarily includes the dynamical models and simulation approaches of single and competitive metapopulations. Based on the Levin's patch occupant model, the center framework of metapopulation researches, primary principles and mechanisms are discussed. First, Levins rule: the fraction of empty patch will remain constant with habitat destruction as long as metapopulation survives. This rule implies that empty patches have determinant effects on persistence and conservation. Second. Allee effect of metapopulation is incurred by establishing difficulties and dispersal costs, which is important to the studies of reserve area and the minimum available metapopulation size. Third, we analyze the rescue effect that immigrants can reduce the extinction risk of the presented local population. Rescue effect can leads to the improvement of metapopulation sustainability and the decrease of fraction of empty patches. Fourth, the coexistence mechanism of two competing metapopulation is discussed, which suggests that competition-colonization trade off may be prevalent in competing systems. Finally, extinction debt ob tamed from coexistence mechanism is given, which depicts the lost of species richness in the future for the current habitat destruction. After theoretical discussion, we present two popular simulated approaches in metapopulations: probability transition model and stochastic process model.

为了能总观集合种群进展的全局并开展进一步的工作，首先对集合种群的已有概念、理论和模型做了全面的分析和总结；其次对集合种群的发展和概念进行了探讨，以集合种群模型的中心框架：Levins的斑块占据模型为基础，展开对其它原理、效应和机制的探讨；主要包括了Levins原理，即当生境进到破坏时，空斑块比例在集合种群灭绝前保持不变，然后还分析了Allee效应（集合种群的Allee效应主要是由于建群困难和扩散损失造成的）；第三，分析了援救效应：迁人个体可以降低斑块中现有局域种群的灭绝风险，援救效应会增强集合种群的生存力，使空斑块比例下降第四，探讨了两竞争集合种群的共存机制，即竞争－侵占妥协，其共存机制为空间生境中物种共存提供了有力的理论解释。

Mr Chen said Taiwan should discuss the idea of a "Second Republic"– a concept raised by one of his former pro-independence advisers – to free the country of what he called an "absurd and unrealistic" definition of sovereignty, without openly provoking China.

陈水扁表示，台湾应讨论&第二共和&的概念，在不公然激怒中国大陆的情况下，使台湾摆脱被他称为&荒谬而脱离现实&的主权界定。&第二共和&概念是由支持台独的陈水扁前顾问提出的。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。