前庭

The course will start with an overview of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the development of their structure and major divisions. The major functional components of the CNS will then be reviewed individually. Topography, functional distribution of nerve cell bodies, ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord. Brainstem organization and functional components, including cranial nerve nuclei, ascending / descending pathways, amine-containing cells, structure and information flow in the cerebellar and vestibular systems. Distribution of the cranial nerves, resolution of their skeletal and branchial arch components. Functional divisions of the Diencephalon and Telencephalon. The course will then continue with how these various CNS pieces and parts work together.

这门课将会从中枢和周边神经系统构造的发展和主要的分化点来概述，中枢神经系统的主要功能将会在复习中个别地说明：神经细胞体的断层以及功能性的分布、脊髓内上升和下降神经束的特征学和功能分布；脑干组织和功能要素，包括脑神经核、上升和下降神经束走向、含胺基酸脑激素细胞的分布、小脑和内耳前庭系统的构造和资讯传导流；颅神经的分布、骨弓和腮弓的演化；间脑和终脑的功能与分类；这门课将会探讨这些不同的中枢神经系统如何一起作用。

Vestibular Rehabilitation is an exercise programme that can help you with your symptoms of dizziness and problems with balance.

前庭康复是一个演习方案，可以帮助您与您的症状，头晕和问题，与平衡。

Objective:To investigate the effect and distribution of cohlinergic efferent vestibular neurons in normal wistar rat.

目的：观察胆碱能传出性前庭神经元的分布。

As a neural transmitter,acetylcholine distribute in efferent vestibular neurons and play an important role.

乙酰胆碱分布于各群传出性前庭神经元，并作为神经递质而具有重要的功能。

The result of our study shows that vertigo in AAT possible had assemble pathology of endolymph hydros which proven indirectly by the change of ECoG expect the direct injury of the vestibular system or perilymph fistule.

本研究结果显示急性听性外伤造成的眩晕，除了前庭迷路系统的直接伤害或外淋巴瘻管，有可能类似内淋巴水肿的病理机转，此病理机转可藉由耳蜗电图的变化而间接加以证实。

Faulty absorption of endolymph by the endolymphatic sac: mainly caused by stenosis or atresia of vestibular aqueduct, malformation of endolymphatic duct/sac.

内淋巴吸收障碍，主要是由于前庭水管纤维化、狭窄或闭锁，内淋巴管和内淋巴囊解剖或发育异常等原因引起。

NKCCl(superscript -/-) mice were deaf and demonstrated difficulties in maintaining their balance. NKCC1 mice exhibited a marked atrophy of the stria vascularis, contraction of the endolymphatic compartments and collapse. CONCLUSION: NKCCl channel plays a critical role in potassium homeostasis of endolymph in the inner car.

光镜下NKCCl野生型小鼠和NKCCl杂合子小鼠的耳蜗解剖结构无明显异常；NKCCl突变纯合子小鼠的耳蜗出现前庭膜塌陷、内淋巴腔缩小而致中阶完全消失，并有血管纹萎缩、Corti器缺失、螺旋神经节萎缩；且球囊和椭圆囊膜迷路失去正常结构并出现塌陷等病理改变。

Effect of eustachian tube obstruction on vestibular function and morphology of experimental hydropic ear［J］.

咽鼓管阻塞对实验性内淋巴积水前庭功能和形态的影响［J］。

They show significantly elevated fluctuations of vestibular excitability, which correlate with the severity of vertigo symptoms.

他们显示前庭兴奋性的波动明显增加，这与眩晕的严重性是相关的。

The raw data was processed by using axial, coronal and double oblique multi-planar reformation; Images obtained were graded in terms of quality with a 5-point scale(5=excellent, 4=good, 3=fair, 2=poor, and 1=nondiagnostic). In grading image quality at axial MPR, The radiologic specialists focused on the subarcuate fossa, tendon of tensor tympani, facial recess, vestibular aqueduct and pyramidal eminence, In grading image quality at coronal MPR, attention was given to the scute, crista transversa, fenestra cochleae, lateral malleal ligament and snake eyes signature of cranial nerve, In the grading of the image quality at double oblique MPR, the radiologic specialists concentrated on the malleus, incus, stirrup bone, upper bony semicircular and aquaeductus fallopii, and then to implement statistical analysis. In order to choose the minimum tube current values and the maximum pitch that can satisfy the diagnosis request, image quality of axial, coronal and double oblique reformation images was compared with different tube current groups. 15 ears of volunteers were used to test the validity with the scanning parameter. Subsequently noise, MTF and dose length product were measured by phantoms in different tube current and pitch, the parameters obtained were compared and taken into statistics analysis.

扫描模式使用临床常用的颞骨螺旋扫描方式：管电压120 kV，准直宽度20×0.6 mm，视野200 mm，重建矩阵512×512，旋转时间1 s/r，重建层厚0.6 mm，重建间隔0.3 mm，分别改变管电流(380、300、200、160、120和80 mA)和螺距(0.8、1.0和1.2)进行扫描和重建，然后对颞骨进行横断面、冠状面和双斜面多平面重组，于重组后的横断层面图像上选取弓形下窝、鼓膜张肌腱、面神经隐窝、前庭导水管和锥隆起5个解剖结构，冠状面重组图像上选取盾板、横嵴、蜗窗、面神经的蛇眼征和锤骨外侧韧带5个解剖结构，双斜面重组图像上选取锤骨、砧骨、镫骨、上骨半规管和面神经管5个解剖结构，在双盲的情况下由放射学专家分别对各管电流和螺距下扫描的重组图像进行评分，随后进行统计学处理，从中筛选出满足诊断要求的最低管电流值和最大的螺距，分别采用患者25例(15耳)用该管电流值和螺距验证其可行性；然后利用模体分别测试各管电流和螺距下的图像的空间分辨率、噪声及其剂量长度积，并对测试所得参数数值进行比较和统计学处理。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。