前后的

By the analysis of HPLC,the amount of ganoderic acids in the fermentation broth was more abundant when cultured in Coix lachryma-jobi substrate than cultured in synthenic liquor substrate.

分析了主要活性物质在灵芝发酵前后的变化，结果表明：以薏苡仁为基质进行灵芝发酵后的发酵产物，其粗脂肪的总量有所下降，但亚油酸的含量升高；经 HPLC 分析，与以清液进行的灵芝发酵相比，以薏苡仁为基质进行的灵芝发酵在粗灵芝酸组成上是有差异的，合成的种类也更为丰富。

Hence, the result of election in 2008 got unbalance between governability and proportionality. This article tends to measure the degree of disproportionality by Loosemore-Hanby index from 1992 to 2008 and tries to explain how disproportionality occurred from five dimensions－district magnitude, levels of seat allocation, threshold, number of total seats, and ballot structure.

本文的研究目的即是重拾对比例性的视野，透过Loosemore-Hanby D指数测量选制改革前后的比例性偏差程度，检视1992至2008年间比例性偏差数值的变化，并从五个面向－选区规模、席次分配、法定门槛、席次总数、选票结构－解释比例性偏差发生的原因，发现所有的选制设计皆不利於比例性，导致新选制的比例性偏差与旧制度产生极大的落差。

Through image digitalization and digital image frame analysis, the dynamic change of arc state and droplet motion before and after its detachment from wire tip can be quantitively described. The kinematical and kinetical parameters of droplet motion can be solved. The development of the system provides a new way for the study of metal transfer mechanisms and the interaction between droplet transfer and weld pool.

该系统通过对高速摄影图象的数字化处理及时间图象序列分析，可以对熔滴过渡过程中电弧变化的动态过程及熔滴脱落前后的运动过程进行定量分析，并可提取出熔滴运动的各种运动学和动力学参数，为进一步的熔滴过渡机理及熔滴与熔池相互作用的研究提供了新的研究手段。

Oxygen was found to depress their fcc-sctransition temperature Tc from the normal value of 260K,as indicated by theminimum in the temperature-dependent permittivity ε′,and also enlarge the drop in ε′at the transition.The magnitudes of the downward shift in Tc and the drop in ε′were roughly proportional to the O2 occupance at octahedral lattice sites,as estimatedfrom the resonance heights distribution.

发现氧的存在降低了以介电常数ε'温度谱极小值为标志的有序无序相变温Tc(正常相变温度为260K)，并且增大了ε'在相变前后的变化幅度，Tc的下降值和ε'的变化量Δε'近似比例于八面体位置氧的占据率，氧的占据率可以从核磁共振峰高的分布获得。

Based on the failure analysis of hot roll, this paper optimizedly adjusts alloy system and summarizes the experience of rolling wiresand improves ail processing properties. Then, it analyses the effects on some natural parameters such as alloy transfer coefficient, surfacing layers, welding current and arc voltage etc.. It confirms the fitting ageing technique. Also, it discusses the microscopic structural transformation back and forth ageing and the effects on hardness change of overlaying metal by some alloying elements including C, Cr, V, W, Mo, Ni, Mn, B, Re through OM, SEM and X-ray diffraction analyses. Finally the abrasive resistance, red hardness, thermal fatigue property and anti-high temperature oxidability are investigated in experimentation.

全文在热轧辊失效分析的基础上优化调整合金体系，总结了焊丝轧制的经验，改善各种工艺性能，分析了几个特性参数的影响，确定了适宜的时效工艺，并通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X-射线衍射对时效前后的显微组织转变以及部分合金元素如C、Cr、V、W、Mo、Ni、Mn、B、Re对堆焊层硬度变化的影响进行分析，最后通过试验考察了堆焊层金属的耐磨粒磨损性能、红硬性、耐热疲劳性和抗高温氧化性。

Lastly, in accordance with the actual situations of the prototype structure of mosque pagoda, based on the similar relation of model experiments, a model structure of mosque pagoda with a similar coefficient of 1/10 is designed and fabricated. Earthquake simulating shaking table tests are performed on the model structure of pagoda in the cases the AB type passive control system with SMA dampers is erected or unerected. The leading earthquake responses like the relative drift at the top of the main tower and the small tower, interstory drift ratio, acceleration, and cracking process of the pagodas body etc. are studied. The operational behaviors involving the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity is tested for passive control system with SMA dampers under the earthquake excitation, and the corresponding control mechanism and regularity is also analyzed. Furthermore, the performance changes and protection effectiveness is comprehensively evaluated while the model structure of pagoda is seismically protected or not.

最后，根据光塔原型结构的实际情况，以模型试验的相似关系为基础，设计并制作了一个相似系数S，为1/10的光塔模型结构，并先后进行了未安装和安装A、B型SMA阻尼器被动控制系统光塔模型结构的地震模拟振动台试验，研究了模型结构在3种不同工况下，主塔顶部和小塔顶部的相对位移、层间位移角和加速度以及塔体开裂等光塔结构的主要地震反应，测试了SMA阻尼器被动控制系统在地震激励下的变形能力和消能能力等工作性能，分析了相应的控制机理和控制规律，并从总体上评价了光塔模型结构抗震保护前后的性能变化和保护效果。

To get more factors associated with erythropoiesis in K562 cells, modified differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method was applied to identify genes with differential expression in uninduced and hemin-induced K562 cells. Remarkable differential ESTs were firstly selected for cloning, sequencing and analyzed with bioinformatics methods.

为了进一步获得分化过程中相关基因表达的信息，我们应用改良的差异显示RT-PCR技术，分析K562细胞在Hemin诱导的红系分化前后的基因表达变化，获得红系分化相关基因的线索，进而确定在红系分化中起重要作用的基因，并研究它们的作用机制。

And the design method for U-steel yieldable support and combined structure of steel and concrete is discussed.

论文首先介绍了地下工程支护结构理论的发展及其研究现状；结合五轮山煤矿施工现场，论文采用超静定结构力学计算方法、有限元的分析方法，主要对浅埋强风化段支护结构进行了力学分析；在总结现有文献研究成果的基础上，分析了型钢与混凝土的粘结机理，介绍了U型钢可缩性支架缩动前后的内力计算方法，讨论了考虑U型钢可缩性支架稳定性的承载能力问题，阐述了U型钢可缩性支架参数选择的原理。

According to pressing dispersed features of debris cobbles mixture,it researches deeply on relationships between dry density and grinding rates or grinding times.

针对砂砾卵石混合料压实特性离散的特点，对其干密度与碾压速度的关系、干密度与碾压遍数的关系进行了深入的压实研究，通过对碾压前、碾压4遍、碾压6遍的筛分试验，对到粗粒填料压实前后的粒度成分的变化规律进行了研究。

The Central Committee decided to expel Gao Gang and Rao Shushi from the Party, because their conduct gravely imperilled the interests of the Party and the people and they showed no signs of repentance for their activities or desire to mend their ways in spite of repeated warnings given by the Party over a long period of time before and after the Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee.

党中央决定开除高岗和饶漱石的党籍，因为他们的行为，对于党和人民的利益，有极端严重的危害，并且他们在党的七届四中全会前后的长时期中，在党再三向他们敲了警钟以后，他们仍然没有悔改的表示。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。