前后关系的

Since the lengths of the line segments and the angles between line segments are treated as representation parameters, it is convenient to construct energy function and to deal with displacement and length constraints. Based on this advantage, a parametrical model for human body is proposed, which can easily produce human body models with different feature sizes. The above method is just suitable for polylines. Therefore, a generic deformation method for both discrete curves and surfaces is presented. The energy function is constructed by analyzing the relationship of the points before and after deformation. Together with the displacement constraints, the deformation problem is converted to a convex quadratic programming. A necessary condition for constraint points and a sufficient condition for the uniqueness of solution are given. The proposed method can be combined with skeleton-driven animation to control the deformation.

将线段长度与线段之间的角度作为表示参数，既有利于能量函数的构造，又便于处理位移约束和长度内蕴约束条件，利用这一优势，将其应用于三维人体的参数化建模，可以方便地产生具有不同特征尺寸参数的人体模型，由于这种方法只适用于折线变形，具有较大局限性，因此，本文进一步提出一种较通用的离散曲线曲面变形方法，通过分析变形前后的位置关系来构造能量函数，再加上位移约束条件，将变形问题转化为一个凸二次规划问题，并且给出了约束点应满足的必要条件及模型解唯一的充分条件，这种方法还可以与骨架驱动变形的思想相结合，能更好的控制变形。

Along with the mining industry declining, the settlement distribution, the population aging (in 96 year Tongshan Village old person ratio nearly 30%) with industrial reforming, under such environmental chane, Japanese Colonial Periodaround the time, the gold ore prosperous time, after the Recession of Taiwan in the recovering time historical vein, the substantive space, how does the social space's change live regarding the place maintains with is balanced; How between the reciprocity to achieve settlement old person each other's interaction and the familiar environment?

随著矿业的没落，聚落的分布，人口的老化(96年铜山里老人比率近30%)与产业的转型，在这样的环境变迁下，日治时期前后、金矿兴盛时期、光复时期之后的历史脉络里，实质空间、社会空间的改变对於地方之居住如何相维持与平衡；相互关系之间如何达到聚落老人彼此的互动与熟悉的居住环境？

The paper sees Horton code as a primary characteristic value and generalizing condition of the river network, and selects, simplifies and generalizes river based on scale of before and after generalization,, The main contents of paper include:(1)Reviews generalization concept, arithmetic operators, methods, influence factor and frame of map generalization and design, analyze core theory of feature —oriented map generalization, discuss the main context and applicable method of river feature generalization(2) Summarizes natural form and spatial configuration characteristic of the river network, and describe the river network using digraph Paper mostly researches tree —like river, identifies the direction of river based on the angle of the main and secondary reach, and identifies the main river based on most length and predominant continuation of the flow direction along the major channel , then receives the grade of river by recursion and structuralize river network, builds hiberarchy rank system of river based on Horton coding(3)Designs the model of river network based on Horton code, and organizes the data of node, branch and river.

本论文把Horton编码作为水系网的一个主要特征值并以此作为综合条件，并根据综合前后的比例尺对水系网进行选取、化简和概括。论文的主要工作包括：(1)总结地图综合的概念、算子分解、实现方法、主要影响因素和总体设计框架，分析面向地理特征的制图综合的核心理论支撑，在此基础上讨论水系专题要素综合的主要内容和综合适用的方法。(2)总结水系网的自然形态和空间结构特征，用图论对水系网进行描述。以树状水系作为主要研究对象，依据树状水系的主支流交汇关系确定水系流向，依据水系中主流的长度最长和主流保持原有的流向趋势确定主流，按此递归得到河流的不同级别，对基于河段组织的水系网结构化，自动建立水系的Horton编码。(3)设计基于Horton码的水系网模型，对结点、河段、河流和河系的数据进行有效的组织。

Lastly, in accordance with the actual situations of the prototype structure of mosque pagoda, based on the similar relation of model experiments, a model structure of mosque pagoda with a similar coefficient of 1/10 is designed and fabricated. Earthquake simulating shaking table tests are performed on the model structure of pagoda in the cases the AB type passive control system with SMA dampers is erected or unerected. The leading earthquake responses like the relative drift at the top of the main tower and the small tower, interstory drift ratio, acceleration, and cracking process of the pagodas body etc. are studied. The operational behaviors involving the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity is tested for passive control system with SMA dampers under the earthquake excitation, and the corresponding control mechanism and regularity is also analyzed. Furthermore, the performance changes and protection effectiveness is comprehensively evaluated while the model structure of pagoda is seismically protected or not.

最后，根据光塔原型结构的实际情况，以模型试验的相似关系为基础，设计并制作了一个相似系数S，为1/10的光塔模型结构，并先后进行了未安装和安装A、B型SMA阻尼器被动控制系统光塔模型结构的地震模拟振动台试验，研究了模型结构在3种不同工况下，主塔顶部和小塔顶部的相对位移、层间位移角和加速度以及塔体开裂等光塔结构的主要地震反应，测试了SMA阻尼器被动控制系统在地震激励下的变形能力和消能能力等工作性能，分析了相应的控制机理和控制规律，并从总体上评价了光塔模型结构抗震保护前后的性能变化和保护效果。

This paper on China's surplus rural labor transfer of the new problems and their causes, at this stage, restricting the transfer of rural surplus labor force analysis of the factors studied China's rural labor transfer and institutional, policy and economic and social development of mutual relations, reviewed the reform and opening

本文对我国农村剩余劳动力转移面临的新问题及其原因，现阶段制约农村剩余劳动力转移的因素进行分析，考察了我国农村劳动力转移与体制、政策和经济社会发展的相互关系，回顾了改革开放前后农村劳动力转移的历史，分析了现阶段我国农村劳动力转移的背景和特征，结合目前我国经济社会发展特点和国家政策导向，评价了我国农村剩余劳动力转移对我国经济社会发展的若干影响，提出了一些促进农村剩余劳动力合理转移的政策性建议。

Basing on ice formation rate of AgI at different temperatures after "37" anti-aircraft shell exploding, multiple relationship of two gradient temperature, as well as exploding time, angle, vertical height, contour interval and slanting distance of anti-aircraft artillery 83 rainfall bomb, the ideal dissemination radios and launch angle of ideal density were calculated, and the suitable bullet number and operating method were analyzed, for the purpose of using reasonable method of firing and the least person rain ball to achieve best precipitation enhancement effect.

利用&三七&高炮炮弹爆炸后AgI在不同温度下的成冰率及前后2个温度梯度倍数关系，以及高炮83型增雨弹引信自炸时间和射角及其所达垂直高度、水平距离、斜距等资料，计算出理想浓度的理想弥散半径和发射角度，从而分析得出在人工增雨作业中适宜的用弹量和作业方法，以期利用合理的射击方法，使用最少的人雨弹，达到最佳的增雨效果。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。