前内侧

Knee anterior median incision and medial patellar approach was applied, and anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were excised during the surgery, osteophyma and corpus liberum of posterior articular capsule were cleared.

采用膝前正中切口和内侧髌旁入路，术中切除前后交叉韧带，清理后关节囊骨赘生物及游离体。

However, chronic injuries usually require complete reconstruction of the superficial medial collateral and posterior oblique ligaments because of extensive pericapsular scar formation.

然而，陈旧性损伤由于关节囊周围广泛的瘢痕增生，往往须要对内侧副韧带前侧和后斜韧带进行完全重建。

Between January 2004 and December 2008, eight patients with fractures of the posteromedial tibia plateau were identified. All patients were treated with fracture reduction using an anterior approach.

自2004年4月至2008年12月发现8位病患为后内侧胫骨平台骨折，全部的病患都接受经前侧探查手术。

Compared to healthy controls, GTCS presented decreased gray matter volume in the bilateral thalamus, frontal lobe, insula and cerebellum regions. There were no regions showing significant increased gray matter volume. Correlation analysis revealed that bilateral thalamic, left medial frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus and left precentral gyrus GMV had negative correlations with the frequecy of epilepsy.

通过GTCS患者组与正常对照组的比较，发现GTCS患者的双侧丘脑、双侧额叶、双侧岛叶、双侧小脑等区域的灰质体积有比较明显的减小，但没发现有意义的灰质体积增高的区域；患者双侧丘脑、左侧中央前回、左侧额内侧回、左侧额中回和其发病频率呈负相关，没有正相关的区域。

3D MDD patients showed significantly lower gray matter density than controls in right medial frontal gyrus, right temporal pole, bilateral putamen and globus pallidus, bilateral cerebellum. After treatment, gray matter density in right superior frontal gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, temporal pole, putamen and globus pallidus, and cerebellum in patients were still significantly lower than controls.

发作期抑郁症患者右侧额内侧回和同侧颞极、双侧壳核/苍白球和双侧小脑的灰质密度较正常人低；治疗后右侧额上回、双侧中央前回、双侧颞极、双侧壳核/苍白球和双侧小脑的灰质密度仍较正常人低。

Campared among the three match conditions,there are more activation levels of non-matches than identical matches in precuneus,and there are more activation areas for non-matcher than that of the categorical matches in frontal,occipital and medial temporal lobes.

从三种匹配条件之间的差异来看，不匹配和名字匹配相比，在楔前叶的激活显著；而不匹配与类别匹配相比，在额区、枕区和内侧颞区都有激活。

Compared to the controls, the patients exhibited decreased ReHo mainly in the precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex, bilateral middle temporal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus; while the increased ReHo was mainly distributed in the subthalamus.

结果表明：在静息状态下，患者大脑的局域一致性在某些脑区较正常人低，主要集中在楔前叶、内侧前额叶、双侧颞叶、双侧额中回；另外，在某些脑区较正常人高，主要集中在底丘脑等中缝核团。

In particular, it is unknown how the relevant neural substrates function as a network to mediate perspective-taking during the task requiring understanding other's belief. The current work first developed a new psychological paradigm that excludes potential confounds such as the processing of language, biological motion, episodic memory and causal coherence in the paradigms used in previous studies. I recorded neural activities associated with mental inference task using functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography in order to investigate the functional roles of several brain areas (i.e. precuneus, MPFC, etc.) that engage in understanding other's belief. I also proposed a computational model based on the neuroimaging results that simulated the neurocognitive mechanism underlying cortical dynamics in correct judgment of other's belief.

本文首先发展了一个新的心理学实验范式，排除以往常用&错误信念&范式中与语言加工、生物运动、情景记忆及事件连续性和因果性等方面的混淆，采用功能磁共振成像（functional magnetic resonance imaging， fMRI）和脑电（Electroencephalography， EEG）时频分析等脑成像技术，记录与理解他人信念任务相关的神经活动，通过对行为和脑成像数据的分析，研究楔前叶和内侧前额叶等脑区在理解他人信念任务中的功能意义，并根据脑成像结果，提出一个基于自我和他人视角竞争的计算模型，模拟大脑在理解他人信念时做出正确决策时的认知神经机制。

Previous studies have identified that understanding other's mind engages a neural circuit consisting of the medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal sulcus, temporal pole, and precuneus/posterior cingulated cortex. However, due to the limitation of experimental paradigms and neuroimaging data analysis approach, the exact neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the understanding of others' belief remain unclear.

尽管前人的研究已发现内侧前额叶、颞顶联合皮层、后扣带回/楔前叶以及颞上沟等脑区参与他人信念理解，但是，由于实验范式本身和脑成像数据分析方法的局限性，过去的研究工作没有提出准确的认知神经机制来解释相关脑区组成的神经网络如何协同工作、完成视角转换以保证正确理解他人的信念。

Previous studies have revealed that the hypothalamus, medial preoptic area and bed nucleus of the strial terminal send projection fibers to Barrington's nucleus and/or D-region.

已有的研究表明，下丘脑、内侧视前区和终纹床核等均发出纤维投射到脑桥被盖背外侧部。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。