剂量学的

OBJECTIVE To design and develop a clinical pharmacokinetics and individual drug dosage regimens system CPKDP program for estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing individualizing dosage regimens using routine clinical data of plasma levels. METHODS According to the principle of population pharmacokinetics and Bayes" formula, CPKDP program was written with FOXPRO 2.6 and BORLAND C++ 3.1, and was run on 486 microcomputer with UCDOS 5.0. RESULTS CPKDP program was adapted for drugs with different characteristics of pharmacokinetics, and for single dose or multiple dose administration. Using 1 or 2 measured drug concentrations, individual patient"s pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated based on population-average pharm-acokinetic parameters. CONCLUSION CPKDP program is applied for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing drug therapy in individual patients.

目的为利用临床常规监测的血药浓度数据估算病人的个体药动学参数，优化给药方案，设计、研制了临床药动学给药个体化系统CPKDP程序方法依据群体药动学原理及Bayes公式，CPKDP程序用FOXPRO 2.6和BORLAND C++ 3.1开发，在希望汉字系统UCDOS 5.0平台上运行结果CPKDP程序适用于具有不同药动学特征的多种药物，适用于不同给药途径的单剂量或多剂量给药在群体药动学参数的基础上，结合病人个体特征，以1，2个血药浓度作为反馈，即可拟合估算个体药动学参数，优化给药方案结论经初步应用，CPKDP程序是应用Bayes反馈法开展临床个体化给药工作非常实用的工具

Firstly, oscilloscope control system based on GPIB technique is presented with friendly operation environment to the HIFU system, and it uses multithreading technique in programming to realize real-time recording and display of the signal; Secondly, temperature collection and data recording system is designed, which also could get real-time recording and display of the 16 channel temperature signal, and it's believed to be of great use for further experiments of the HIFU system; Thirdly, multiple ultrasonic phased array's phase shifter is designed,which could provide 8-bit phase control in a range of frequency where the centrical frequency is 1MHZ. Fourthly, the module of serial communication is realized to insure the communication between devices and computer, including both synchronous and asynchronous communication, which enables the system to transfer data reliably and stably; Finally, the module of digital quantity control is accomplished, which provide for upper application the consistent solution to the control of exterior devices via digital interface. It can get or set the devices state using interrupt mode to receive input signal or send output signal.

主要有以下几个方面：设计了基于GPIB的示波器控制系统，给课题的研究工作提供了一个良好的环境，它采用了多线程编程的方法，能够较好的实时显示当前波形并记录数据；设计了温度采集和数据记录系统，能够对16路温度信号进行并行同步的实时采集，用于HIFU剂量学研究中温度场检测和医疗评价；设计了相控阵相位延时电路并且通过调试，满足了课题的相位控制的要求，在中心频率为1MHZ左右的频率范围内都能够达到8-bit相位控制；实现了串口通讯模块，为各项设备与计算机之间的通讯提供保证，它提供同步和异步的通讯能力，使系统能够可靠稳定的传输数据；建立了数字量控制模块，为上层应用程序提供一致的方法使用数字接口控制外部仪器，它使用中断的方式来接收输入或输出设定的开关量信号，从而得到或设定各种仪器的状态。

The problem in quality assurance and quality control of IMRT and must be urgently resolved, of which dosimetry verification is one of most important aspects.

调强适形放射治疗是近年来发展的一项崭新的放疗技术，有关它的质量保证和质量控制是一个急需解决和必须重视的问题，而其中剂量学验证是极其重要的一方面。

We demonstrated the effect of the gelsemium total alkaloids of on blood and immune function of three different doses (0.15mg/kg,0.30mg/kg,1.5mg/kg) on mice and dieted with three GEB powers contents(1.5%,3%,6%) on chicken . The results showed as follow:1.The gelsemium total alkaloids of 0.15mg/kg,0.30mg/kg doses increased RBQHB, percentage of ANAE+ lymphocytes, phagocyty of peritoneal macrophage of mice.

本研究探讨了不同剂量(0.15mg／kg、0.30mg／kg、1.5mg／kg)的钩吻总碱稀释液对小鼠的血液学与免疫功能的影响，以及不同日粮添加水平(1.5％、3％、6％)的钩吻干粉对肉鸡血液学与免疫功能的影响，结果表明： 1、灌胃0.15mg／kg、0.30mg／kg剂量的钩吻液，能够提高小鼠红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、外周血ANAE~+淋巴细胞数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬指数及吞噬百分率。

Methods The cognitive impairment rat model was induced by hypodermic D-galactose injection and half fat feeder (6 weeks), the Morris water maze was used to screen the model rats, which were divided randomly into 4 groups (12 rats in each group): the model group, the hydrochloricdonepezil group (0.4 mg/kg, weight, sic passim), the low-dose Huannao Yicong Fang group (7 g crude drug/kg), the high-dose Huannao Yicong Fang group (14 g crude drug/kg), they were treated respectively by intragastric administration. Besides, a control group of 12 rats was set up, they were given tales doses of distilled water. After 4 weeks, the behavior of the rats was detected, the contents of plasma P-selectin and PAI-1 were measured by ELISA, also the hemorrheology was measured.

采用皮下注射D-半乳糖及喂饲半高脂饲料（6周）的方法造成大鼠认知功能障碍，Morris水迷宫行为学测试确定模型成功的动物，随机分成四组（每组12只：模型对照组给予等量水，盐酸多奈哌齐组（0.4mg/kg，体质量，下同），还脑益聪方低剂量组（7g生药／kg），还脑益聪方高剂量组（14g生药／kg），同时灌胃给药，并设立正常对照组，给予等量水。4周后，对大鼠行为学检测，应用酶联免疫法检测大鼠血浆P-选择素及PAI-1含量和血液流变学各项指标。

Result: 1、Ethology result:50 rats were injecting convulsive dose kainic acid, showing prodrome such as gaze, wet dog shake in the 0-30 minutes; 1-5 degree epileptic attack in the 30-60minutes; 4-5 degree repteately spontaneous epileptic attack in 60-90 minutes; then status epilepticus,SE-epileptic attack endurance became longer and interval became shorter with bulk salivas and various kinds psychomotor symptoms.

结果：1、行为学结果：SD大鼠(n=50)在注射惊厥剂量(10mg/kg)KA后，0-30min内动物出现凝视，湿狗样抖动(wet dog shake，WDS)等前驱症状；30-60min内动物出现1-5级癫痫发作；60-90min内动物反复自发出现4-5级癫痫发作；其后动物癫痫发作持续时间延长，间隔变短伴有大量唾液分泌，出现各种精神运动症状，呈现SE，SE后10天，用阈下剂量(5mg/kg)KA检测动物对癫痫刺激的敏感性。

In the present data set, the addition of the PFTs or 6MWT did not increase the ability of the dosimetric parameters to predict for acute symptomatic RP.

就目前的数据而言，PFTs或6MWT的加入并不能增加剂量学参数对急性症状性放射性肺病的预测能力。

The physical test of dosimetry on rotating gamma system has to be made before the clinical use of a radiation medical treatment equipment. It is a systematic test for design, processing and fabrication, fixing and electric controlling of stereotactic radiosurgical set up.

旋转式伽玛刀的辐射剂量学指标的物理测试在放射性医疗设备投放医院正式临床使用前是必不可少的，是对设备及其附件的设计、加工制造、安装以及电气控制系统等的全面综合性检定。

Methods: One hundred and sixty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups （40 in each group）, and orally given the medicine with doses of 50, 25, or 12.5 g/kg of crude drug, or with bean oil of 0.5％CMC-Na daily for 26 weeks.The physical status （body weight,growth rate and appetite）, hematological parameters, blood biochemistry, blood cotting, organ index, and tissue pathological changes of rats were checked in the 13th week,and 26th week of the administration and in four weeks after the stop of the administration.

160只SD大鼠，随机分为高、中、低剂量组及空白对照组，雌雄各半，每日灌胃1次，连续给药26周，观察大鼠的一般状况、体重、摄食量和给药13、26周及停药后4周大鼠的血液学、血液生化学、凝血功能、脏器系数、解剖学及病理组织学改变的情况。

S Objective To investigate the X ray radiation dosage of patients and physicians in the interventional examination and embolization in vascular malformation of spinal cord, and to analysis the factors which influence X ray radiation dosage as well as the ways to decrease the dosage.

目的 测量在脊髓血管畸形的介入放射学检查及治疗过程中患者及介入医生所受到的X线辐射剂量；分析影响X线辐射剂量的因素及其减低剂量的途径和方法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。