刺激神经

"Medtronic is the company that developed deep brain stimulation as a treatment for numerous movement disorders," said Zachary Levine, a neurosurgeon at the Washington Brain and Spine Institute in Washington, D.C., and an experienced implanter of Medtronic's deep brain stimulation technology who has adopted the Nexframe system and the Stimloc device.

Zachary Levine 是华盛顿脑脊柱学会的一名神经外科医生，他已经采用了Nexframe系统和Stimloc设备并是一名对Medtronic 公司的脑深部刺激植入技术有着丰富经验的专家。他说：Medtronic是一家发展深部脑刺激技术来治疗众多运动障碍性疾病的公司。

A muscle, a gland, or an organ capable of responding to a stimulus, especially a nerve impulse.

效应器一种能对刺激物作出反应，特别是神经刺激的反应肌肉、腺体或器官

Objective To investigate the way to identify the function state of the orbicularis oculi muscle at the unaffected side in real-time based on the restoration of eye-closing function on facial paralysis patients by functional neuromuscular stimulation way.

目的 基于用神经功能性电刺激的方法恢复面瘫患者闭眼功能的需要，研究健侧眼轮匝肌的功能作用状态的实时识别方法，以期能将其作为控制信号，调控对患侧眼轮匝肌的功能性电刺激。

We used a nerve stimulator and multiple stimulations technique in all of the patients.

在所有病人身上采用神经刺激器和多种刺激方法。

Barrington's nucleus that located in the pontine dorsolateral tegmentum is an important site for controlling voiding in the mammalian brain and is often referred to as pontine micturition center. Barrington's nucleus sends direct projection fibers to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus in which parasympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating detrusor muscles of the bladder are distributed. Electron or chemical stimulation of Barrington's nucleus clicits bladder contraction and increases discharges of bladder postganglionic nerve. Conversely, lesion of the nucleus results in a permanent inability to empty the bladder. On the other hand, an area located just ventral to Barrington's nucleu has been reported to send projection fibers to the ventrolateral group of Onuf's nucleus in the caudal lumbar cord segments; the vetrolateral group of Onuf's nucleus is mainly composed of pudendal motor neurons innervating the external urethral sphincter muscle.

Barrington's核发出纤维投射至支配膀胱逼尿肌的骶髓副交感核，毁损该区可导致动物永久性失去排空膀胱的能力；而电刺激或化学刺激该区可引起支配膀胱的节后纤维放电增加和膀胱逼尿肌收缩。D区是紧邻Barrington's核腹侧的一团神经元，它发出纤维投射至腰骶髓Ounf核的腹外侧群，而Ounf核的腹外侧群主要是由支配尿道外括约肌的阴部神经运动神经元组成。

To those persons who are out of the nerves control, we use FES to generate electrical stimulation and make use of the nerve cells'response to these stimulations to transfer our artificial controlling signals. Through the stimulation of adscititious electrical current, nerve cells are supposed to generate a nerve impulse that is the same as the one induced by natural inspiration.

对于失神经控制的患者，可以采用功能性电刺激仪(Functional electrical stimulation FES)产生电刺激，利用神经细胞对电刺激的响应来传递外加的人工控制信号，通过外电流的作用使神经细胞能产生一个与自然激发引起的动作电位完全一样的神经冲动，使其支配的肌肉纤维产生收缩，从而获得运动的效果。

Methods:The nucleus pulposus of coccygeal vertebra was applyed to the L 4 and L 5 nerve roots of the rat without compression and the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were observed and CSEP of hindlimbs were recorded in 3 days, 1 week,2 weeks and 4 weeks respectively after surgery in order to show ...

取大鼠自体尾部的髓核无压迫下放置在L4 和L5神经根上，制成髓核突出动物模型，分别在术后3d、1、2及 4周观察大鼠术侧肢体机械刺激敏感性和热刺激敏感性的变化，并引出大鼠后肢CSEP ，观察术侧肢体CSEP的变化。

In 1999, Struijk found that the myelinated nerve could be excited by transverse field induced by pulsed magnetic stimulation without the effect of tissue unhomogeneities and bends in the nerves.

因此，在近几年的神经磁刺激研究中，也局限于讨论感应电场纵向分量的作用，以纵向场负的一阶导数极大值作为刺激方式的选取及线圈改进的衡量标准。

Methods Divided patients of cerebrovascular disease sequela randomly into 3 groups,and treated with cortical electrical stimulating,peripheral nerval and muscular electrical stimulating and cerebral protect treating separately.

方法脑血管后遗症患者随机分为3组，分别进行大脑皮层电刺激、周围神经和肌肉电刺激治疗和脑保护治疗，应用偏瘫后神经功能障碍评分比较三者的疗效。

Neural stem cells have a strong self-renew mechanism and it can transform after a little break. Neural stem cells have a long term survival, which mean that it has more probability of wrong copy than mature cells. These cells are formed glioma stem cells in the end. The genes who adjust neural stem cells can express in glioma stem cells, which hold out glioma stem cells from neural stem cells. There is another presume that glioma stem cells come from differentiated cells. Through the gene break of these cells, they can obtain characteristics of stem cells, then form glioma stem cells.

神经干细胞具有很强的自我更新机制，获得较少突变即有可能恶性转化，而且干细胞存活时间较长，这意味着干细胞比成熟细胞发生细胞复制的错误几率更大，因外界环境的刺激而发生突变的机会更多，最终形成脑胶质瘤干细胞，同时调节神经干细胞增殖和自我更新的基因在脑胶质瘤的脑胶质瘤干细胞中也表达，这也是支持神经干细胞是脑胶质瘤干细胞来源的；也有推测认为它可能起源于已分化的细胞，由这些细胞突变发生去分化得来，并通过基因突变而获得了干细胞自我更新的特性，从而形成脑胶质瘤干细胞。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。