刺激的

Methods Six young right-handed men underwent olfactory fMRI with event-related design. OEP-98C olfactometer was modified to accommodate MR environment.

采用改进后适应磁共振环境的OEP-98C型嗅觉诱发电位仪作为嗅觉刺激器对6名右利手年轻男性志愿者进行嗅觉刺激。

In addition, 4.5﹪ neurons (n = 7) responded only to locomotive stimulation but not to a punctiform tactile stimulation.

此外，还观察到4.5﹪触觉神经元(n=7)，它们仅对感受野内的运动性触觉刺激敏感，而对点状触觉刺激不敏感。

In the present study changes in neuronal activity during and after adaptation to prolonged optic flow stimulation (translation, radiation and rotation) were investigated by extracellular single-unit recording in area PMLS of the cat.

本文采用胞外记录法研究了猫PMLS区神经元在长时程光流刺激时及刺激后细胞反应的变化。

Insulin secretin response to glucose challenge in vitro showed the mean value of insulin in the low-glucose medium was 39.74±2.73mM, while that of high-glucose medium was 128.94±8.72mM, the SI was 3.25±0.26, that means the islets functioned well. The releasing insulin levels of the nine groups responding to 16.7mM glucose at the end of 24h and 48h: At the end of the first 24h, the controlssecretion were similar in two phases, while the G group has increasing tendency;As for oleate groups, the base secretion have no difference,while the stimulated secretion was descending;As palmic acid as concerned,both base and sitimulated secretion was descending(p＜0.01) accompany with the elevated glucose.

在培养48h后油酸组刺激后时相分泌量减少(p＜0.05)；软脂酸组两时向差别显著(p＜0.01)各组细胞在16.7mM葡萄糖刺激5min时的胰岛素mRNA表达：在培养24h及48h后，葡萄糖对照组胰岛素mRNA表达组间无明显差别(p＞0.05)；油酸组培养24h胰岛素mRNA表达组间无明显差别(p＞0.05)，培养48h后mRNA表达组间比较存在统计学差异(p＜0.05)；软脂酸组培养24h时胰岛素mRNA表达量下降(p＜0.05)，培养48h后胰岛素mRNA表达量下降明显(p＜0.01)。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated by Stimulator in order to enhance expression of cytokines .

先用刺激物刺激外周血T细胞，以增加细胞内细胞因子的表达，继用流式细胞仪分析特异性细胞因子表达水平。

This study was to examine at what level that the priming effects of task switching may occur.

目前有一种假说认为转换作业中的转换亏损成因是由於前项刺激对后项刺激产生正向及负向促发作用使然。

Moreover, the protein level of pERK in the ACC was transiently increased after LTP induction, starting at 5 min and returning to basal at 1 h after tetanic stimulation.

取高频刺激后不同时间点的脑片进行免疫组化检测，结果显示，高频刺激后5 min时，pERK 表达显著升高，在10 min达到最高峰，1 h后回复到基础表达水平。

With prolonged lowfrequency tetanization, a temporary inhibitory change was often observed immediately after the tetanic stimulation. But the evoked potentials began to recover more than ten minute later and finally exceeded the pre-tetanic level.

在较长的低频强直刺激下，往往先引出一抑制性变化，但十几分钟后反应逐渐恢复并将超过强直刺激前水平。

After stimulating the peripheral endings of L2 DR with a train of square waves (0.8-1.2 mA, 100 Hz, 0.5 ms) for 2 s, the discharges at the distal end of transected L3 DR were recorded for 120 s.

在切断大鼠左侧L2、L3背根后，观察电刺激(刺激参数为0.8-1.2 mA，100 Hz，0.5 ms，总时程 2 s)L2背根外周端对 L3 背根放电活动的影响。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新