刺激的

The EMG LE stimulation patterns is then obtained by mapping EMG LE through the inverse isometric recruitment curve. EMG LE pattern can provide a systematic design and lead to smooth cycling movement when compared with the on-off and the ramp-like patterns used in previous work.

与开关式与斜坡渐进式之刺激式样比较，肌电线性封波刺激式样不只可以提供一种有系统的设计刺激式样的方式，而且可以使得踩车更为顺畅。

RESULTS: Both resting B cells and T cells did not express PD-L1 on their surface, however PD-L1 expression was significantly up-regulated on the surface of the activated B cells after 6 h stimulation with LPS or pokeweed mitogen, and the percentages of B cells that expressed PD-L1 reached a plateau at 24 h, which were (46.26±10.71)% with LPS and (43.67±6.14)% with PWM stimulation, respectively. No markedly change of PD-L1 expression on the surface of the activated T cells after stimulation with LPS was observed, but upregulation of PD-L1 expression was observed when stimulation with PWM.

结果： 静息B细胞和T细胞表面不表达PD-L1，LPS和PWM刺激6 h后表达PD-L1的B细胞百分率均显著高于静息B细胞，24 h达到最高，分别为(46.26±10.71)%和(43.67±6.14)%，之后随时间延长而降低；表达PD-L1的T细胞百分率在LPS刺激下无显著变化，但PWM刺激6 h后百分率明显高于静息条件，24 h达到最高，为(25.42±9.23)%，之后下降。

Compared with quinine stimulability, discharges of vagus efferent never in both CTA rats and control rats had no difference when sucrose stimulability was was given. 5 When the same sucrose stimulability was given, FLI neurons of SON and DMV in the CTA rats had much more expressions than that in the control rats.

5给予蔗糖刺激后，CTA组大鼠在SON和DMV内FLI神经元的表达较多，且表达远高于正常组大鼠；而且味觉厌恶建立后，蔗糖刺激和水刺激引起的SON核和DMV内FLI神经元的表达也有差异，蔗糖刺激引起的FLI神经元的表达要高于后者。

The effective stimulating sites were indentified by defensive cardiovascular response and other components of defence reaction evoked by 3 s trains of rectangular cathodal pulses (100Hz, 0.5ms pulse duration, 70 -150μA intensity for dPAG and 150-250μA for PF) delivered from a programmed multichannel constant current stimulator. The responses included an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, pupillodilation and an increase in the rate and depth of respiration. Currents of 1Hz, intensity of 100- 150μA for dPAG and 200-250μA for PF were used to observe the effect of the stimulation of them on RVLM neurones. The deep peroneal nerve and superfacial deep peroneal nerve were carefully separated, and put on a pair of stimulating electrode respectively, Both nerves were stimulated with constant rectangular pulses of 1Hz, 0.5ms duration and 300μA current intensity to see their effects on RVLM neurones. The baro-and chemo-receptors were activated by the intravenous injection of phenylephrine or 0.208 M NaH2PO4. The degree of convergent inputs to individual RVLM neurone was studied by the stimulation of the sites mentioned above. It was found that neurones about 61.4%(27/44) and 35.3%(6/17) received convergent inputs from three and four places respectively.

过去的研究主要集中于整体水平，利用电刺激或化学刺激RVLM神经元，观察对血压、心率及交感活动的影响，并对影响心血管交感活动的神经递质进行了广泛探讨，积累了大量资料；在神经元水平，主要研究刺激脑内核团、外周神经、化学感受器及压力感受器等对RVLM神经元放电的影响和某些神经递质影响神经元活动的机制、然而，对RVLM神经元如何整合不同信息、其可能突触机制等研究得较少，本互作拟采用在体细胞内、细胞外记录电活动与微电泳，结合中枢核团及外周神经电刺激等方法，对RVLM神经元在不同状态下的整合作用规律与可能机制进行初步探讨，为进一步了解这一复杂的整合过程提供新的理论依据。

And there are lots of supernormal stimuli; chocolate cake is one.

我们喜欢甜食，是因为它的高能量跟巧克力蛋糕本身无关巧克力蛋糕是种超乎寻常的刺激诺贝尔生物学奖得主丁柏格做过一个有名的海鸥实验他发现海鸥嘴上那个橘色的点如果变大一点或颜色更鲜艳一点小海鸥啄食它时会更用力它对小海鸥而言是个强烈的刺激实验的意义是超乎寻常的刺激像是巧克力蛋糕会改变天性还有很多东西是超乎寻常的刺激有些会引发性感的感觉。

Methods 15 SD rats, 8 males and 7 females, were set to receive radiant-heat stimulus at 5 different measure points-right and left footplates, tail root, proximal trichotomous point of the tail and distal trichotomous point of the tail to measure their escape response latencies in a constant ambient temperature (21-23℃) at 3 different time points-9:00, 15:00 and 20:00 in 7 consecutive days.

15只SD大鼠，雌7只，雄8只，在恒定的环境温度下，连续7d分别在每天的9：00、15：00和20：00采用热辐射刺激大鼠双足底、鼠尾根、鼠尾近侧3分点和鼠尾远侧3分点共5个不同的刺激点，测定每个刺激点对刺激反应的潜伏期。

The contents of valine and leucine of the nematode are obvious higher than that of others in different kinds of amino acid of the nematode. The analysis of irritant factors playing a important role on the production of predacious organs showed that live nematode larva or its lytic solution can cause the production of predacious organs of the strain A1, but the latter produced less than the former .The live larva of the third stage produced more predacious organs than one of the first and the second stage , so the number of predacious organs that are produced by the live larva of first and the second the stage are less than the live larva of the third stage .

刺激捕食器产生的因素在线虫体来说：活的线虫幼虫和其裂解液可以刺激捕食线虫性真菌—少孢节丛孢菌菌株产生捕食线虫性结构——捕食器；但后者刺激产生的捕食器数量较少；有活力的第三期幼虫与第一、二期幼虫相比较，可以刺激菌株产生较多的捕食器；但少孢节丛孢菌对第一、二期幼虫作用速度快；与第三期幼虫相比，第一、二期幼虫易被捕获致死。

After dialyzing for 10～20 min, SNP at a concentration of 1 μmol/L increased the induced responses to innocuous mechanical stimulation and decreased those to noxoius mechanical stimulation. The induced responses to both innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulations were all decreased after dialyzing the same dose of SNP for 20～30 min. The decrease was shown within 7～15 min dialysis when SNP was used at a concentration of 20 μmol/L.

脊髓深层神经元透析1 μmol/L SNP， 10～20 min后，非伤害性机械刺激诱发的反应增强，伤害性机械刺激诱发的反应减弱；透析20～30 min后，伤害性和非伤害性机械刺激诱发的反应均减弱；透析20 μmol/L SNP 7～15 min内伤害性和非伤害性机械刺激诱发的反应均降低。

Methods Basolateral amygdala slices of rats were prepared. Field excitatory post-synaptic potentials of BLA were recorded by stimulating the external capsule. Two TBS's were applied to induce LTP in BLA. Each TBS included a brief, high-frequency pulse train (5 pulses at 100 Hz) given at the theta-rhythm (5Hz) for 4 seconds. Experiments compare the effects of different intervals of two TBS's on the expression of LTP in BLA.

制备杏仁核脑片，刺激外囊记录BLA场电位，应用两串θ频率波刺激诱导LTP，每串θ频率波刺激为20个(频率5Hz)短时间高频串脉冲(5个脉冲，频率为100Hz)，通过改变两串θ频率波的刺激间隔，分析不同参数诱导的LTP是否存在差异，并在灌流的人工脑脊液中加入TPK抑制剂genistein，观察其对杏仁核LTP的影响。

With the studies on the Stimulus-Response Compatibility,more and morepsychologists consider that the compatibility isn't only exist between stimulus andstimulus,response and response,but also any two sets in the information processing,it means that the compatibility is the basic feature of the human informationprocessing.

随着对刺激-反应相容性原理的研究，越来越多的人认为相容性不仅存在于刺激和反应、刺激和刺激之间，还应该存在于信息加工过程的任两个阶段间，即相容性是人类信息加工过程的基本特征之一。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。