刺激

Gastric contents were collected with two methods, pylorus ligation and esophagus perfusion.

双侧分别刺激疑核，记录刺激前和刺激过程中的呼吸运动图、心电图。

The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal contral group; double-axes rotation stimulation group; the bilateral labyrinthectomy group; group of two-axes rotation stimulation after the bilateral labyrinthectomy.

为了探讨旋转刺激与运动病发生的关系，本研究利用一种复杂的围绕两轴旋转的加速度刺激器刺激大鼠后，观察大鼠全脑内Fos蛋白的表达情况。

In Experiment 1, the pattern of spatial attention shift was examined by instructing participants to saccade to the cue.

实验一要求被试将眼睛跳往提示刺激处，通过对线运动错觉的分析确定该条件下的空间注意转移规律；实验二要求被试在将视线保持在注视点处的条件下判断目标色块是否出现，以探明线运动错觉是否受对目标色块前注意阶段加工的影响；实验三要求被试将眼睛跳往提示刺激的对侧，分析眼跳位置与提示刺激空间方位的一致性对空间注意转移的影响。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

Methods The clinical application of 25 normal subjects were stimulated at 1Hz at stimulus intensities corresponding to threshold, recording from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle belly.

25例健康个体，于正中神经腕点处刺激，在拇短展肌肌腹内接收，刺激频率为1 Hz，刺激强度为阈强度上下。

Methods for the control of vocal fold vibration in anesthetized dogs by superior laryngeal nerve electrical stimulation, recurrent laryngeal nerve electrical stimulation and the adjustment of glottal air flow rate with stroboscope and the multifunetion glottograph developed by authors were studied.

本文借助于喉动态镜和作者研制的多功能声门图仪研究了在麻醉状态下，犬喉神经用电刺激的同时，调节声门气流使声带振动的方法；摸清了声门气流、喉上神经与喉返神经受电刺激的变化对声带体振动的影响；同时用电刺激喉上神经与喉返神经模拟了几种喉麻痹。

Firstly, we attempted to determine the optimal LTP-producing tetanic stimulation and observed that tetanization≥100Hz is more reliable than that≤50Hz in producing LTP.

首先我们找出在本实验条件下诱发LTP的最适强直刺激，观察到大于100Hz的强直刺激比50Hz以下强直刺激能更可靠地诱发出LTP。

In the present study, the effects of 2 Hz and 100 Hz tetanic parameters on L-LTP of the field potentials were recorded from the layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ of the rat visual cortical slices in response to stimulation of the layer Ⅳ.

本研究用3周龄的大鼠视皮层脑片标本，在Ⅳ层刺激而在Ⅱ/Ⅲ层记录场电位，待场电位稳定后施加强直刺激诱导LTP，探讨2Hz与100Hz的强直刺激在诱发持续时间长于3h的L-LTP中的作用。

With the interval of magnetic stimulation at tuberosity of occipital bone and electric stimulation of ulnar at wrist joint, amplitude of F-wave was lengthened and course was delayed.

枕骨粗隆处磁刺激明显改变了脊髓前角细胞兴奋性，表现为当枕骨粗隆处施行的磁刺激和腕关节处尺神经电刺激间隔一定的时间时，F波波幅增高，时程延长。

Methods: DECB was dealed with heat , acid , alkali , roasting , organic solvent extracting , microorganism zymolysis , then the method of microrespiromete was used to detect/measure the respiratory activity respectively.

目的：研究小牛血清去蛋白提取物（deproteinated extract of calf blood，DECB）中生物活性物质的物理化学性质；方法：分别将小牛血清去蛋白提取物进行加热、加酸、加碱、烘烤、有机溶剂萃取、接种微生物发酵等方法处理，然后分别用微量呼吸检压法检测呼吸活性，结果：采用加热、加碱、加酸，接种微生物发酵的方法进行处理，DECB刺激呼吸活性的能力没有明显改变，而采用烘烤的方法处理，结果DECB的活性完全消失；用有机溶剂萃取DECB，可明显降低DECB刺激呼吸活性的能力，而有机相中含有了刺激呼吸活性物质。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。