刺激

A pungent preparation of ammonium carbonate and perfume; sniffed as a stimulant to relieve faintness.

一种刺激的制剂，由碳酸铵和香水制成，作为刺激物用鼻息以减轻晕厥。

The antiparasitic effect of caprylic acid against several fish parasites, i.e., the ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans, monogenean Benedenia seriolae, copepod Pseudocaligus fugu and myxosporean Kudoa shiomitsui, was examined by in vitro trials.Caprylic acid at a concentration of 1 mM had a parasiticidal effect against C. irritans theronts, B. seriolae oncomiracidia and K. shiomitsui spores and a contractile effect against B. seriolae adults, but had no clear effect against P. fugu copepodids and adults.

在体外实验中研究了辛酸对多种鱼类寄生虫的抗虫效果，如纤毛虫刺激隐核虫、单殖吸虫鰤贝尼登虫、桡足类Pseudocaligus fugu和微孢子虫库道虫。1mM的辛酸对刺激隐核虫滋养体、鰤贝尼登虫纤毛幼虫和库道虫孢子具有杀虫效果，对鰤贝尼登虫成虫有收缩效果，但对Pseudocaligus fugu的桡足幼体和成虫无明显效果。

The antiparasitic effect of caprylic acid against seeral fish parasites, i.e., the ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans, monogenean Benedenia seriolae, copepod Pseudocaligus fugu and myxosporean Kudoa shiomitsui, was examined by in itro trials.Caprylic acid at a concentration of 1 mM had a parasiticidal effect against C. irritans theronts, B. seriolae oncomiracidia and K. shiomitsui spores and a contractile effect against B. seriolae adults, but had no clear effect against P. fugu copepodids and adults.

在体外实验中研究了辛酸对多种鱼类寄生虫的抗虫效果，如纤毛虫刺激隐核虫、单殖吸虫鰤贝尼登虫、桡足类Pseudocaligus fugu和微孢子虫库道虫。1mM的辛酸对刺激隐核虫滋养体、鰤贝尼登虫纤毛幼虫和库道虫孢子具有杀虫效果，对鰤贝尼登虫成虫有收缩效果，但对Pseudocaligus fugu的桡足幼体和成虫无明显效果。

They also show Fos activation and phasic spiking increases in response to a variety of aversive stimuli (including footshock, cues that predict footshock and reward omission), and firing decreases in response to appetitive stimuli.

本研究表明，在最近所鉴定的GABA能的RMTg中主要用于接收LHb输入的神经元对中脑多巴胺神经元具有强烈的表达，并在后抑刺激（足部电击、休克的预测信号、食物剥夺或奖赏缺失）后出现短暂性活化和/或Fos诱导和在奖赏或预测的奖赏刺激后出现抑制。

Baxter, working on cats under experimental conditions comparable to ours, however, reported that intravenous injection of adrenalin either had no marked effect or a slightly augmentative effect on the histamine-induced secretion, and that stimulation of the splanchnic nerve yielded similar results.

若用较长的间隔如每10—30分钟收集一次胃分泌，则此双相效应就会被掩盖，因而得出肾上腺素对猫胃分泌无明显效应或有增加分泌的效应的结论，如Baxter等人所得到的一样。在急性实验中，刺激大内脏神经对组织胺引起的猫胃分泌有显著的抑制效应。与肾上腺素的效应不同，刺激大内脏神经的效应通常是单相的。

Results It was shown that proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis were stimulated by wound fluid remarkably on 5 to 8 days after wounding, and that 6 Gy to total-body irradiation wound decrease this effect.

结果 在伤后5～8天，伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成的作用最强，6 Gy全身辐射后，伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成的作用都明显降低，而苯妥英钠对非辐射组和辐射组伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成的作用都有明显的提高。

Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

行为主义者认为，行为主义者认为，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力，发展其作出适当反应的能力，那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

Operant conditioning is response - stimulus, or stimulus - response - stimulus.

而操作性条件反射则是反应-刺激，或刺激-反应-刺激。

There were 2 types of tasks in the experiment. In one task, only isoamyl acetate was used as odorant. In the other task, to avoid possible decreased olfactory attention, vanillin was given before each presentation of isoamyl acetate.

采用事件相关设计，每名受试者完成两段嗅觉刺激任务，一个是单一醋酸异戊酯刺激，另一个在醋酸异戊酯刺激前给予香草醛，采用fMRI分析嗅觉皮层的活动。

Scale of production is steadily expanding and the yearly output and numberof crops harvested are also increasing steadily. At present, it is estimated that a smallscale productive operation would call for as many as 5×10~9 to 1×10~(10) healthy eggs.

通过在不同季节和时期用变温刺激法来诱导排卵试验，认为在春季应用升温为主的常规综合刺激法，其排卵率可达到60％以上；在秋季应以降温为主的变温刺激法，排卵率可达到40—60％。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。