刺激-反应

The frequency of spontaneous UP/DOWN transitions could be entrained to a regular interval by repetitive sound stimuli with intervals ranging 3-12 sec, in which each sound stimulus effectively induced a UP-to-DOWN transition.

外界声音刺激（白噪声，0.1-35 KHz）能调制神经元自发的高电、低电位期的传递节律：当声音刺激落在高电位期时，每一次声音刺激都会使细胞膜电位由高电位期向低电位期转变，并当声音刺激间隔在3-12秒范围内时，自发的高、低电位期的转变节律就同步于声音刺激的重复率，即跟随效应。

When sucrose stimulability was given, small intestine peristasis rate in the rats of vagotomy was lowwer than that in the rat of control rats.

3建立CTA后的大鼠，口腔内给予蔗糖刺激或奎宁刺激时，迷走神经传出放电在刺激后即刻、刺激后30min、刺激后60min都比正常组有所增加。

This research was composed of three parts:in the first part, we observed the effect of CTA on small intestine peristalsis;in the sencond part, we observed the effect of sweet stimulability and bitter stimulability on discharge of vagus efferent never after CTA;in the three part,effect of CTA on c-Fos expressions in the brain nerve nucleus was observed.

结果：1给予蔗糖刺激时，CTA组大鼠小肠推进率与对照组相比差异显著，小肠推进率降低；在CTA组大鼠中，给予糖刺激的大鼠小肠推进率明显低于给予水刺激的大鼠。2给予正常大鼠蔗糖刺激时，切断迷走神经的大鼠的小肠推进率明显低于假手术组的。3建立CTA后的大鼠，口腔内给予蔗糖刺激或奎宁刺激时，迷走神经传出放电在刺激后即刻、刺激后30min、刺激后60min都比正常组有所增加。

Giving two equal-intense stimuli which is higher than the threshold stimulus and whose intervals are longer than the single twich period, two independent contracting curve can be observed. Giving two equal-intense stimuli which is higher than the threshold stimulus and whose intervals are longer than the refractory period, an additive-contracting curve can be observed. Giving several equal-intense stimuli which is higher than the threshold stimulus, tetanus curve can be observed.

当给予两个等强度的阈上刺激，且刺激的间隔大于单收缩的时程，在计算机中可以观察到两个独立的收缩曲线；当给予两个等强度的阈上刺激，且刺激的间隔小于单收缩的时程而大于不应期，在计算机中可以观察到两个收缩曲线的叠加，称为收缩的总和；当给予若干个等强度的阈上刺激，在计算机中就可以观察到强直收缩曲线。

The results are as follows.(1) Long train electrical stimulation at the dMNF facilitated myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle.(2) Short train electrical stimulation of dMNF, when delivered in the inspiratory phase, caused prolongation of myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle; but when delivered in the expiratory phase, myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle were shortened.(3) Long train electrical stimulation at the vMNF inhibited myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle.(4) Short train electrical stimulation of vMNF caused shortening of myoelectric activities of genioglossus and phrenic muscle, when delivered in the inspiratory phase, but a prolongation when delivered in the expiratory phase.(5) The effects of microinjection of glutamate to dMNF and vMNF were similar to those of electrical stimulation.

结果如下：(1)长串电脉冲刺激dMNF引起颏舌肌和膈肌肌电活动明显增强；(2)短串电脉冲刺激dMNF，当刺激落位于吸气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在吸气相的肌电活动延长，当刺激落位于呼气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在呼气相的肌电活动提前终止；(3)长串电脉冲刺激vMNF使颏舌肌和膈肌肌电活动明显被抑制；(4)短串电脉冲刺激vMNF，当刺激落位于吸气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在吸气相的肌电活动提前终止，当刺激落位于呼气相时，引起颏舌肌和膈肌在呼气相的肌电活动延长；(5)在dMNF和vMNF分别微量注射谷氨酸钠，其效应与电刺激结果基本一致。

Results Monopolar stimulation was used in 32 patients who underwent unilateral operation, while in 30 patients undergoing bilateral operations, 25 were stimulated by bipolar model, 2 by monopolar model, and 3 by monopolar stimulation in one side and bipolar in another side. Superior shift of electrode contact point was found in 7 cases.

结果 32例行单侧手术者均接受单极刺激；30例行双侧手术病人中，接受双侧双极刺激25例，双侧单极刺激2例，一侧单极刺激、另一侧双极刺激3例。7例触点调整均为上移。

We upgrated the Visual Motion Priming model proposed by Pantle, that means to insert a blank frame between priming and target. The goal is to explore the mechanism of visual motion priming in the brain. Method: Undergraduates on campus participated the experiments as paid volunter with normal or corelected normal version.

因此本实验对Pantle的视觉运动启动实验模式进行了改进，由特定运动方向的启动刺激引导靶刺激，在启动刺激与靶刺激之间加入一个空白阻断图片，从而打断启动——靶刺激的正常启动序列，目的是观察加入空白阻断图片，对于运动启动现象的影响以及对不同的视觉运动序列运动方向的影响。

The participants were instructed to press one button when they detected one type of the auditory deviant stimuli or visual deviants, and to press another button for standard stimuli in either of the two modalities.

听觉刺激包含标准刺激和三种偏差刺激，视觉刺激包含标准刺激和一种偏差刺激。

The latedischarges decreased from 9.29 ± 0.97 to 6.71 ± 0.68 with the A-fiberconditioning stimulus increasing from 1 to 5 (n〓8, P〓0. 05).(7) The intervalbetween the conditioning stimulus and test stimulus (C-T interval) wasincreasing, the inhibition tended to plateau off. At shorter time intervalsthe inhibition became more effective. When C-T interval was limited in 50ms,the inhibitory effects was the strongest, here, the late discharges reducedfrom 12.57±1.21to 2.29±0.42 (n=11, P＜0. 01).(8) Behavior research showedthat the rat model of snake venom exhibited neuropathic pain with heathyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia, which corresponding to the acuteelectrophysiological findings.

此时轻刷WDR神经元的感受野不能引起其活动改变，但伤害性齿镊夹捏仍可引起WDR神经元放电增多；〓5〓晚成分放电的潜伏期缩短，即宁静期的时程变短，由给蛇毒前的118.83〓3.67ms降至50.72〓1.36ms〓n〓32，P〓0.01〓；〓6〓在正常动物，如果预先给予只激活A纤维的弱条件电刺激〓mA，100μs〓可抑制随后的伤害性检验刺激所诱发的WDR神经元的晚成分放电，当条件刺激个数从1增加至5时，每次伤害性检验刺激所诱发的晚成分放电数从9.29〓0.97个降至6.71〓0.68个〓n〓8，P〓0.05〓；〓7〓固定条件刺激数为1个，当条件刺激与检验刺激之间的间隔增大时，A纤维条件刺激对WDR神经元晚成分放电的抑制作用逐渐减弱，当条件刺激与检验刺激之间的间隔在50 ms以内时，抑制效应最为显著，此时，晚成分放电数由正常时的12.57〓1.21个降至2.29〓0.42个〓n〓11，P〓0.01〓；〓8〓与急性研究中的WDR神经元电活动的变化结果相匹配，利用蛇毒制备的大鼠模型在行为学上表现为热痛觉过敏、冷觉的痛性感觉异常及机械痛觉过敏等慢性痛症状。

At the same time, most WDR neurons failedto respond to the light brush applied to the receptive fields, but they couldbe intensively excited by the noxious pinch.(5) The latency of the latedischarges was shortened from 118.83 ± 3.67ms to 50.72 ± 1.36ms (n〓32, P〓0. 01).(6) Preceding graded number of A〓fiber conditioning inputs (〓mA, 100 μs) delayed the C-activity evoked by the following nociceptive teststimulus activating both A- and C-fiber applied to the sciatic nerve. The latedischarges decreased from 9.29 ± 0.97 to 6.71 ± 0.68 with the A-fiberconditioning stimulus increasing from 1 to 5 (n〓8, P〓0. 05).(7) The intervalbetween the conditioning stimulus and test stimulus (C-T interval) wasincreasing, the inhibition tended to plateau off. At shorter time intervalsthe inhibition became more effective. When C-T interval was limited in 50ms,the inhibitory effects was the strongest, here, the late discharges reducedfrom 12.57±1.21to 2.29±0.42 (n=11, P＜0. 01).(8) Behavior research showedthat the rat model of snake venom exhibited neuropathic pain with heathyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia, which corresponding to the acuteelectrophysiological findings.

此时轻刷WDR神经元的感受野不能引起其活动改变，但伤害性齿镊夹捏仍可引起WDR神经元放电增多；〓5〓晚成分放电的潜伏期缩短，即宁静期的时程变短，由给蛇毒前的118.83〓3.67ms降至50.72〓1.36ms〓n〓32，P〓0.01〓；〓6〓在正常动物，如果预先给予只激活A纤维的弱条件电刺激〓mA，100μs〓可抑制随后的伤害性检验刺激所诱发的WDR神经元的晚成分放电，当条件刺激个数从1增加至5时，每次伤害性检验刺激所诱发的晚成分放电数从9.29〓0.97个降至6.71〓0.68个〓n〓8，P〓0.05〓；〓7〓固定条件刺激数为1个，当条件刺激与检验刺激之间的间隔增大时，A纤维条件刺激对WDR神经元晚成分放电的抑制作用逐渐减弱，当条件刺激与检验刺激之间的间隔在50 ms以内时，抑制效应最为显著，此时，晚成分放电数由正常时的12.57〓1.21个降至2.29〓0.42个〓n〓11，P〓0.01〓；〓8〓与急性研究中的WDR神经元电活动的变化结果相匹配，利用蛇毒制备的大鼠模型在行为学上表现为热痛觉过敏、冷觉的痛性感觉异常及机械痛觉过敏等慢性痛症状。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。