制造方法

In this paper a production process flow chart of discrete manufacturing is presented by means of petri net, the optimization model of workload-stock is established. An approach of the optimal workloads is provided using analysis integer programming and integer matrices.

本文以Petri网作出一个离散制造中的生产过程流程网，建立起工作量与库存的优化模型，以整数规划与整数矩阵等分析算法给出一个在生产中制定最优工作量规划的方法。

A high-quality-easy-to-fabricate display element and a process for production thereof.

本发明公开了一种高质量易制造的显示器元件及其生产方法。

Design method of farm machine products drop behind the one of manufactured products. To make our countrys design and manufacturing technology of dead stock to achieve the standard of developed country, to develop parallel with other machine manufacture, this article introduce CAD, optimization design, computer simulation technique into the design of the ditcher, to make its design more reasonable, much higher quality to bring social benefit, economic benefit, ecological significance.

我国农业机械产品的设计方法相对工业产品来说比较落后，为了使我国农机设计制造技术达到发达国家水平，与其它机械制造业平行发展，本文将计算机辅助设计、优化设计、计算机模拟技术引用到该机具的设计中，使该机具的设计更合理、更高质，使它尽快地产生社会效益、经济效益、生态效益。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

These components are usually made of iron- or copper-base alloys and very small, so powder metallurgy offers a better method than the processes involving machining, drop forging, die casting, pressing etc.

这些部件一般是铁基或铜基合金，而且尺寸很小，因而用粉末冶金法制造比用切削加工，模锻，模铸，冲压等方法更好。

The standard applied modes of geometric flatness in new GPS(geometrical product specification),including the duality principle and common operation technology in new GPS system,and the expression,algorithm,data processing issues of the theoretical,specification and verification model,were investigated.

研究了新一代GPS中几何平面度标准的应用模式，包括新一代GPS体系的对偶性及共性操作技术以及公称、规范和验证模型的表示、算法和数据处理。开发了试验性软件系统，通过可视化方法表示了它们的关系，实现了GPS几何平面度标准在烟机零件中的具体应用。为进一步应用新一代GPS标准以及规范表达产品的设计、制造、检验所要求的统一公差信息提供了较好的借鉴

In order to quantify and determine the dustiness of fine and nanopowders, the standard rotating drum tester was used to determine the dustiness of two nanopowders: nano-TiO2 and fine ZnO, in the standard 1-min tests.

为了评估奈米粉体与细粉体的扬尘特性，本研究使用欧洲标准化委员会公布的标准粉体扬尘测试方法－旋转腔试验机法，测试德国Degussa公司制造的TiO2奈米粉体(型号为P25)与国内慈阳公司生产的A级ZnO细粉体的逸散特性，实验时间为1分钟。

This paper introduced the synthesis technics of low molecular weight bisphenol-A epoxy resin using BPA and ECH,and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages.

介绍了用双酚A和环氧氯丙烷制造低分子量环氧树脂的各种合成工艺，并对各种方法的优缺点进行了分析比较。

The explosive clad method is used in chorine-alkaki industry to manufacture the copper-steel clad cathode plate of electrobath and solve the problem of copper and steel clad in large area.

利用爆炸焊接方法制造氯碱电解槽的铜钢阴极板，以解决纯铜与钢材大面积复合问题。

LI Xiaojie The explosive clad method is used in chorine-alkaki industry to manufacture the copper-steel clad cathode plate of electrobath and solve the problem of copper and steel clad in large area.

利用爆炸焊接方法制造氯碱电解槽的铜钢阴极板，以解决纯铜与钢材大面积复合问题。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。