制造方法

The main contributions are summarized as the following.Firstly, assuming demand is segmented by order lead time, a joint pricing and capacity allocation model is formulated considering scenario-based demand. Due to the stochastic discrete variable in the model, robust optimization is used to solve the model. Numerical examples prove our model and method reflect the stochastic characteristics of demand and provide more pratical pricing and capacity allocation policies than other methods of deterministic and stochastic expectation programming methods especially when the capacity is tight.

本文的创新之处概括为如下几个方面：首先，假设制造企业根据交货提前期对市场细分，建立了考虑需求情境的BTO模式下制造企业定价与能力分配的集成模型，利用稳健优化规划方法对此随机模型进行转化和求解，算例仿真表明随机优化规划方法较确定性规划和随机期望值规划方法更好地反映了随机离散需求的分布和波动特征，更加接近实际运作情况；产能越紧张，各类需求的价格差距越大，三种规划方法给出的最优策略差距越大。

The paper analyses material transportation problem and give the solvable methods; analyses delivery vehicle route problem, and then construct its corresponding mathematical model and present a heuristic algorithm based on C—W algorithm; analyses the optimum scheduling problem of trucks, and then construct its corresponding mathematical model and put forward a new algorithm; analyses the Postal Transportation Problem which will perhaps be used in supply chain of manufacturing system, and then construct its corresponding mathematical model and present an approximation algorithm.

分析了制造系统供应链中供需平衡、供需不平衡、有转运等各种情况下的物资调运问题，给出了求解方法；分析了制造系统供应链配送作业中的配送车辆路线问题，建立了相应的数学模型，提出了一种基于C-W算法的启发式算法，该算法较好地解决了有时间约束的配送问题；分析了制造系统供应链中的货运卡车优化调度问题，建立了相应的数学模型，提出了一种基于表上作业法的求解算法；分析了制造系统供应链中有潜在利用价值的邮政运输方式问题，在详细描述了该问题的基础上，建立了相应的数学模型，提出了一种近似求解算法，该算法较好地解决了邮政运输方式这样的多种物流、多种运输方式，有严格时限和众多外部约束的特大型、复杂、并行的交连系统的计划调度问题。

This dissertation puts emphasis on the integration optimization issue of manufacturing scheduling and scheduling execution.

本文最后从制造系统体系结构和设计方法的角度，全面总结了新的制造环境对制造控制提出的多层次需求，比较、分析和评价了目前几种主要的制造控制结构满足这些需求的程度。

Green Process is an important chain of Green Manufacturing. This paper studies the method of the evaluation and decision-making on Green Process. On the basis of prevenient research, the method considering of the time, quality, cost, service, resources consumption and environment pollution is put forward.

绿色制造工艺是绿色制造的一个重要环节，本文就是针对绿色制造工艺的评价和决策方法，在综合考虑前人研究的情况下，提出了基于时间、成本、质量、服务、资源消耗、环境污染六大目标的评价和决策方法。

The features of manufacture resource, the resource interface of manufacture grid, and grid resource management architectures are discussed. A GARA middleware model of manufacture grid resource management is given. The dynamic use of manufacture resource in the development of grid resource management systems is proposed.

论述了制造资源的特点，及其制造资源在制造网格上的接口规范技术，分析了网格资源管理的主要方法和动态使用网格资源的技术，根据制造资源共享的特点提出制造网格资源管理的GARA中间件模型，为制造资源的集成和动态共享技术研究提供了新的方向。

In this paper, a structural methodology for bottom-up synthesis of Petri Nets for IC Flexible Manufacturing Systems is presented for the first time. With the help of a guarantying policy of liveness, a live, bounded and reversible final model can be obtained by merging different submodels through what is called autonomy subnet sharing among them. To demonstrate the application of the method, a flexible manufacturing system of integrated circuits is modeled and analyzed using the proposed theory.

本文首次提出了一种面向集成电路柔性制造系统的基于共享&自治子网&融合和活性保证策略的&至底向上&的Petri网结构化建模方法，在理论上证明了该方法保证所得模型的活性、有界性和可逆性，并且利用该方法与着色Petri网结合，对一个集成电路柔性制造系统进行了全面的建模和分析。

To this thesis, the current situation of logistics cost control and logistics system of manufacturing enterprises are analyzed. Based on this analysis, the method of objective logistics cost control based on ABC system is lucubrated in and some relevant measures are summed up.

据此，本文在剖析制造企业物流成本控制的现状及其存在问题的基础之上，通过对制造企业物流系统的分析，深入研究了基于作业的物流成本目标控制的方法，并总结了制造企业实施基于作业的物流成本目标控制方法应采取的相应措施。

Furthermore the author concluded that of waste tire retreading and rubber powder producing are better routes for the treatment of large batch waste tire and have a fine development foreground.

介绍了目前国内外处理废旧轮胎的主要方法及途径，重点论述了废旧轮胎翻新、热解、制造胶粉的应用情况和研究进展，分析了各种方法的优缺点，指出废旧轮胎翻新和制造胶粉是能大批量处理废旧轮胎并具有良好发展前景的处理方法。

Analyzing large-scale, single-piece and small batches factories and regarding whole life cycle of enterprise information activities as main clue, this paper makes complete and detailed analysis on the information activities of such factories from the management functions, processes and activities and the establishment of data model and conception of BPR.

根据大型单件小批制造企业的管理特点，分析了大型单件小批制造企业信息系统的特点及技术关键，给出了大型单件小批制造企业信息系统的设计思想和功能结构，指出了大型单件小批制造企业信息系统实现的技术关键，给出了与 CAPP/PDM 实现紧密结合、成本控制与交货期控制的具体方法。

The new circumstances that the discrete manufacturing enterprise is confronted with are analyzed; the function and configuration of production system is expounded; the research actuality and contents about production system capacity in the discrete manufacturing enterprise are summarized; the main research contents in this paper are developed.2. The calculating and analytical methods about production system capacity are studied systemically, a model to calculate rough-cut capacity instantly in "excel" table style is designed, the means to analyze production capacity in different production mode are brought forth, and the balance tactics of production capacity versus load are put forward.3. The application characteristics used in production system about the methods of Computer simulation and CRP in the MRPII/ERP are analyzed and compared; the advantages of Computer simulation method are pointed out; and the simulation researches aiming at production system capacity are implemented by Ithink simulation software.4. A simulation model is founded under the analysis of production system capacity in the production system background of a firm; the change instances of yield, output rate and WIP in the production system are simulated by the action of procurement cycle, machining time, setup time and so on. 5. The change instances of production capacity in the assembly stage are simulated , and rational employees are obtained.

本文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：1、分析离散型制造企业面临的新情况，阐明生产系统的功能和结构，对离散型制造企业生产系统生产能力的研究内容和现状进行分析，提出本课题的主要研究内容。2、在系统地研究生产系统生产能力的计算和分析方法后，设计了用Excel表快速计算粗能力的方法；给出不同生产方式下的产能分析方法，并提出产能与负荷平衡的策略。3、比较和分析了MRPII/ERP的能力需求计划方法与计算机仿真方法在生产系统中的应用特点，指出计算机仿真方法的优势，并用Ithink仿真软件对企业生产系统生产能力进行了仿真研究。4、以A公司的生产系统为背景，在对生产系统生产能力分析的基础上建立了仿真模型，模拟了在采购周期、加工时间、调整时间以及返工率、废品率、机械开工率等因素作用下生产系统的产量、产出率和在制品数量的变化情况。5、研究在装配阶段生产能力的变化情况，通过仿真优化后确定合理作业人员数量。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新