制约因素

According to different academic freedom activities, there are different scope and standards of academic freedom.

最后从政治、法律、经济和道德等方面探讨了学术自由限度的制约因素。

QHSE management system which is widely applied in CNPC, could improve safety management continually. But there are still some factors such as lag of management, unreasonable structure of organize, unqualified employee, lack of accident report and hazard analysis system influence the effects. Meanwhile, exterior challenges from other domestic and international companies are drastic. So how to bring the safety management to a higher level has a practical meaning.

QHSE管理体系作为中石油销售企业广泛采用的安全管理模式，在改进安全绩效的同时，也面临着管理水平低、组织结构不合理，员工素质低，事故报告和风险分析体系缺失等制约因素，加之激烈的外部竞争，如何在现有的QHSE管理体系基础上提高安全业绩具有重要的现实意义。

But there are many restrained factors in the way of taking urban agglomeration to promote China's economy.

但实际过程中，以城市群带动中国经济增长的实现还面临不少制约因素。

Airiness in the environment and a fire problem arose the attention early in the abroad, the research almost covers all the aspects. However, because of all kinds of factors, the related research on the problem lag behind in China.

国外对地铁环境中的通风及火灾问题关注的较早，着手进行研究的工作开展的也较为全面细致，但国内由于种种制约因素，在此相关问题上一直处于滞后状态。

One of these constraining factors is self generated noise within the analog to digital converter.

这些制约因素之一是在模数转换器内自生的噪声。

The relationship between the two kinds of structure is the important pledge of healthy, comfortable and sustainable humanistic objective for urban enviroment. In allusion to the problem urgent to solve in recent creation, the article summarizes the humanistic design concept and strategy for serried region of high-rise building, from the analysis of the building noumenon, space, interior and exterior enviroment in urban"serried-core". The strategies are form creation strategies which cultivate formal individuality in the relationship with urban enviroment, and conform urban context in the relationship with restrictive factors; space creation strategies which creat humanistic space and site by attempering architectural space and urban space, and call for humanistic scalc and inspirit by the combination of architectural space and urban function; enviroment creation stategies which create sustainable physical enviroment based on steady urban zoology, and construct poetic humanistic enviroment during the course of compound urbar enviroment.

针对目前创作中亟待解决的问题，着重从城市"簇群核"的形式、空间、环境及其主要载体——高层建筑等方面深刻解析，鲜明提出了在城市大背景中高层建筑密集区的人性化创作观念和策略，论证了在与形式制约因素的关联中系统整合城市文脉、在与城市人文环境的互动中努力培育形式个性的形式创作策略；在建筑空间与城市空间的互参调度中创作人性空间和场所、在建筑空间与城市功能的有效结合中弘扬人性尺度和精神的空间创作策略；在稳定城市生态的前提下创造持续可居的物理环境、在复合城市环境的过程中营建诗意栖居的人文环境的环境创作策略。

In Zhejiang,the moun- tain and hill areas make up 70.4% of its total area. Owing to the effect of both physiographical factors(rock character, landform,soil,vegetation and rainfall,etc.)and anthropogenic factors deforestation,land reclamation on steep slops and irrational use of Land resource,etc.

由于自然条件和人为因素的影响，土壤侵蚀严重，致使土地退化，河床、水库淤高，生态环境恶化，水旱灾害加剧，成为浙江省农业生产和国民经济发展的一大制约因素。

Population is a most important factor that restricts the development of Guizhou Province.

人口因素是贵州省发展的主要制约因素。

This paper mainly adopted literature data, questionnaire and interview and logic analysis methods, and used the theory of urban development, sports management theory, theory of mass sports, community sports theory, and other theories. By grasping the basic characteristics of China's social modernization process and analyzing the status of community sports conduction and management and the presence of a series of problems in the new-type city - Jiujiang, we found the main factors affecting urban Community Sports Management in Jiujiang City and opportunities for the urban community sports management binged by the implementation of the "3 +1" strategy, and Consequently, explored the model adapting to community sports management and development in Jiujiang the new-type city under a "3 +1" strategy. That is the light of these constraints and opportunities analysis concluded: As China's economic reform and social reform of the management system of deep,single Administrative Management Mode-omnipotent authority are depleting,at the same time,Jiujiang City "3 +1" to the implementation of the strategy has brought city and the residents change.Sports needs of the residents of the community which continuously enhance the connotation of sports management on the basis of qualitative change rapidly rich,variable-totalitarian government administration for the government-led management.

本论文主要采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法及逻辑分析等方法，运用城市发展理论、体育管理理论、群众体育理论、社区体育理论等多种理论，把握我国社会现代化过程的基本特征，通过分析新型城市--九江市城市社区体育开展现况及社区体育管理现状和存在的系列问题，找到了影响九江市城市社区体育管理的主要因素（管理体制的不合理；缺乏有针对性的政策法规；管理系统（服务管理系统、场地设施管理系统、体育人才管理系统、体育经费管理系统等）不够健全和完善；管理者思想和管理观念落后及被管理者素质不高等5个方面）及在实行&3+1&战略后给城市社区体育管理带来的机遇（&3+1&战略的实施为九江城市社区体育管理奠定了坚实的经济基础和发展的动力；&3+1&战略的实施为九江城市社区体育管理提供了广阔的市场和空间；实行&3+1&战略为社区体育管理带来了居民体育意识的转变等3个方面）等问题的研究，从而探索出&3+1&战略下适合九江市新型城市社区体育管理发展的模式，即针对以上制约因素和机遇的分析得出结论：随着我国经济体制改革和社会管理体制改革的深人，单一的行政全能主义管理模式的权威性日趋枯竭，与此同时，九江市&3+1&战略实施以来，给城市及居民带来了巨变，居民对体育需求度的不断增强，致使社区体育管理的内涵在质变的基础上迅速丰富化，变政府行政全能主义为政府主导型管理。

For the previous theoretical and practical background, the author has systematically observed and studied the constitution, development, operational mechanism, restricting factors, innovative activities of China's SOHs in the past five years.

正是由于上述来自于理论和实践两个方面的背景因素，促使作者花了近五年的时间对中国国有饭店的形成、发展、运行机制、制约因素、创新实践和发展前景等问题进行系统的考察和研究。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。