制度化

From the influence mechanism to the enterprise development, the custom through three steps: the marginal search, the path-dependence and the knowledge sharing, strengthened organizational memory, consolidated collective mental models, regulated enterprise behavior, by the tacit knowledge or the encoded knowledge, in order to promote enterprise formulization and the institution management and realize the development goal for stabilization and high efficiency.

从对企业发展影响的机理来看，习俗通过边际搜寻、路径依赖和知识共享的三个阶段，以默会的或编码化的知识形式，强化组织的"记忆"，巩固集体心智模式，规范企业行为方式，促进企业模式化和制度化管理，以实现稳定和高效发展的目的。

Later on, such a typical bribery was popularized, normalized and institutionalized; it changed from prior payment to integrity-based after-service one. One could even be accused on moral grounds of not tipping decently. Hilary Clinton was once criticized by the media for not tipping a waiter,"They don't have a handsome salary, how could they support their families if you don't tip?"

这一典型的贿赂行为被渐渐发扬光大，而且规范化、制度化，从事先付款，到诚信为本的事后付款，甚至如果你不付得体的小费，会受到道义的谴责——有一次希拉里没给服务员付小费就被媒体批评：那些服务员收入不高，你不付小费他们怎么养家糊口呀？

Based on his two former governments' political heritage, the Hawke government put the development of multicultural society into systematic orbit.

霍克政府在继承前两届政府政治遗产的基础上，将多元文化社会的建设纳入制度化轨道。

The underlying reasons include: the government"s role in establishing a hospitable environment for the managers remains to be improved; the supervision on both capital market and managers" market is far from satisfied; the official standard of managers selection; lack of the manager-specific incentive and restraint mechanism; the vacancy of the restraint system by corporation owners and the ill-founded corporate governance structure, and so on.

究其原因有：国家关于企业经营者管理的大环境还有待于改善、资本市场和经理人市场的监督约束机制不完善、企业社会政策目标和效率目标的双重存在、企业经营者选拔任用标准"行政化"、企业经营者离岗后缺乏社会保障和制度化报酬、缺少针对企业经营者的有别于党政干部的激励与约束机制、所有者约束机制缺位，没有形成规范的公司治理结构。

Some occasions of the institutional formation proves the necessity of regulation an d decision-making. It also introduces five critiques: immorality, incomparability, immeasurability, inaccuracy and inconsistency.

通过以成本为基准的评估技术制度化中的偶然性成分说明其应用于规制和决策必然性的一面，并介绍了来自五个方面的质疑：不道德性、不可比较性、不可度量性、不可精确性、认识分歧性。

However, there are many problems in the implementation of them. The solution of Sanlu Incident is accident impellent, executive-led, individual, and centralized-operation-style. Though it can resolve the incident quickly, it lacks institutionalization and leave out some legal liabilities, which is not conducive to the full realization of "corrective justice" and deterrence of wrongful conduct.

三鹿事件展现的是一种"事故推动型"的、行政主导下的、个别性的、集中行动式的责任落实方式，虽然可以使事件迅速平息，但是缺乏制度化，并使得一些法律责任被遗漏了，不利于充分实现"矫正的正义"和对不法行为的有效威慑。

The new tunes calls a revolution on the institutional education.

时代要求对制度化的学校教育进行革新。

Can be said to be building toward the institutionalization of the land market, open another turning point.

可以说是建设走向制度化的土地市场，开放的另一个转折点。

Chapter 2, National Innovation System and the US New Economy, studies on the institutionalization of innovation.

第二章《国家创新体系与美国新经济》研究的主要问题是创新的制度化。

So, now the issue needs more efforts and departments at a higher level of institutionalization to solve.

所以，现在的问题需要更多的努力，在上级的制度化和部门解决。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。