制度上的

William's upside down"u"theory embodying time dimension meets at half way of new classicism theory and Myrdal's theory, and put forward that there is difference of regional economic growth in different phases.

具体的，区域经济增长制度分析方法的具体逻辑思路是沿着假说-检验的演绎模式。在实证分析技术上倚重计量分析，主要是因为计量技术在实证研究中国区域经济增长问题上表现出的工具性比较优势。

The result showed that: firstly, they had the hame view on the purpose of the scholarship with the authorities and people's expectation and most university students were satisfied with the system of the scholarship, but the students who were not satisfied still were of large proportion; secondly ,the students inclined to believe that the encouragement of substance can arouse people's enthusiasm better than the encouragement of spirit, and most students wished to have money as a form of incentive; thirdly, in the choice of career students showed some differences due to the difference of gender, professional and urban or rural where they are from, however, on the views of social status, the vast majority of students did't want to be willing to engage in a poor but noble career.

结果显示：其一，大学生对奖学金目的的认识，从总体上讲与国家的期望一致，在对奖学金公平性的认识上，多数大学生对学校奖学金制度表示满意，但是不满意者仍然占了很大的比例；其二，大学生倾向于认为物质鼓励比精神鼓励更能调动人的积极性，且希望获得的奖励形式以金钱居多；其三，大学生对择业条件与择业地域的选择因性别、专业、城乡不同而存在一定的差异，但在对社会地位的认同感上，绝大多数大学生不愿意从事甘于清贫而高尚的职业。

Burden of producing evidence is a core concept in theory of testifying,which is connected with lawsuit theory and law suit construction immanently,and there are different conceptual statements,Many scholars hold that burden of producing evidence does not exist in our history.

举证责任是证明理论中的核心概念。它与诉讼理论及其诉讼结构等有着内在的联系，其概念的表述亦存在诸多的不同。许多学者认为我国历史上不存在举证责任问题，其实只要对我国历史上不同证据制度进行剖析。

And economic benefit and to the malposition of internal and external equity allocation of enterprises on micro-level and to the declining of enterprise's value.

国家主导下的基本产权制度变迁过程中，各产权主体争夺共同财产的博弈决定着我国上市公司资本结构的演进和现状，而这种资本结构造成了：宏观上整个社会产权配置错位，国家控制了过多的社会经济资源，社会经济效益下降；微观上企业内外产权配置错位，企业价值下降。

S control of too many social and economic resources and to the decrease of social and economic benefit and to the malposition of internal and external equity allocation of enterprises on micro-level and to the declining of enterprise's value.

摘 要：国家主导下的基本产权制度变迁过程中，各产权主体争夺共同财产的博弈决定着我国上市公司资本结构的演进和现状，而这种资本结构造成了：宏观上整个社会产权配置错位，国家控制了过多的社会经济资源，社会经济效益下降；微观上企业内外产权配置错位，企业价值下降。

This paper studied the earnings managements of the listed companies by dividing the accrual into above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals. And for above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals of 2002, I divided above-the-line-accruals into working capital accruals and nonworking capital accruals. Then I used modified Jones model by adding industry variables to study the new characteristics of earnings management in 2002. This paper provides evidence that the listed companies still used below-the-line accruals as the main earnings management instrument. On the other hand the listed companies also used working capital accruals as one of their earnings management instruments. On the basis of the studies above, I build two proxies of the earnings management.

本文首先通过对2002年上市公司盈余管理的分项实证研究来观察各种制度实施后上市公司利用线下项目进行盈余管理是否得到了一定的遏制，实证过程中采用修正的横截面JONES模型加入行业变量并经过适当变形对上市公司年报线上项目和线下项目，并进一步将线上项目分解出营运资金相关项目和非相关项目两项进行盈余管理的实证研究，发现企业对线下项目的操纵仍然在企业盈余管理中占据主要地位，但从某种程度上看，线下利润的操纵得到了一定的抑制，另外企业对营运资金应计项目的盈余管理也是显著的。

In the view of the theory of learning organization, this paper their to analysis the means of processing, the strategy, the learning government, the statue of organization, the prouder of organization and the culture creaming in the view of the theory of leavening organization, which is one of the most advancing controlling theories nowadays.

最后文章重点分析了学习型政府的构建。从手段上来看是应该建设电子政府。&电子政府&既是一场意义深远的变革，也是政府治理的根本性转变，必然涉及公众参与公共决策和民主制度的变革，引发电子民主；从组织结构上来看，学习型的政府就是从传统组织向民主、以市场为基础的组织结构转变；从政府组织流程上来看，建设学习型政府就是要从企业流程再造中吸取经验，以适应市场化要求；从政府组织文化方面来看，组织文化的改造事实上也就是对组织团队心智模式的改造，学习型政府的建设就是建设适应经济全球化环境的政府组织文化。

Our country contract lawin consider his country and his region legal precedent and theory foundation on the combination judicial practive of our country,in legislate history last first rule have made rear contract duty system,have realized protect for the extension of the rig...

我国《合同法》在参酌它国、它地区判例与学说之基础上，结合我国的司法实践，在立法史上第一次规制了后合同义务制度，实现了对当事人权益的扩大化保护。

Realizing the uncertainty legal statute of the "fair use" issue concerning digital library, this article moves to rethink the current copyright law and proposes to introduce the "implied license theory" and a digital library safe harbor into the copyright law.

在认识到Google数字图书馆在法律上是否构成合理使用的不确定性和模糊性之后，试图从理论上对著作权法进行反思，并提出在著作权法中引入&默示许可制度&和&数字图书馆'安全港'条款&的构想。

After the Tarentum War, Greek education changed not only the content and form of Roman traditional education but also Roman educational concept.

他林敦战争以后，希腊化教育不仅从很本上改变了罗马传统教育制度的形式和内容，而且从根本上改变了罗马人的教育观念。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。