制度上的

In theory American air quality permit is regarded as an aforetime full-out permit. In practice this system emphasizes the obligation of the enterprises and renewal of the technology. Emissions trading system has been developed on the basis of air quality system and ...

美国的空气质量许可证制度有周密细致的法律法规和先进成熟的科学技术作为支持，在理论上其性质定位为一种事先的全面的许可，在实践上许可证的执行强调企业的责任和技术的更新，并引入排污削减指标的交易政策把环保事业推向市场，这些都是我国的排污许可证制度所值得研究和学习的。

First, in the basic of definition of annihilation, the classification of annihilation is given.

本部分首先在界定刑罚消灭制度的基础上，对刑罚消灭制度按照刑罚实现的阶段进行了分类。

Third, development and perfection of system of distribution mainly include perfection of budget (the principle of budgeted revenue and expenditure in balance, unification of budget system, perfection of double budget and strengthen of supervision on budget), reform of tax system(realization of fairness in tax, coordination of profit distribution of tax, pushing on reform of tax system and complying out tax law),distributive system of financial expenditure(the goal of public financial, structure of financial expenditure, scale of financial expenditure, supervision of financial expenditure, efficiency of financial capital) etc.

作为一种物质利益关系的集中体现，分配的公平与否以及公平的实现程度，基本取决于分配前提的平等性、分配规则的公平性、分配过程的秩序性和分配结果的合理性，其中的关键是分配规则或分配制度问题。因此，把分配引入法律特别是经济法的研究视野，无论是在分配理论的创新上，还是在分配制度的改革上，都具有积极而重要的意义。

The change of the rural governance in the part of the State's viewpoint, the change of economic and political institution in rural area , the adjustment of law relation among familial members , and the evolvement of the social structure all have impacts on the effectiveness of family support for the elderly and oldster's welfare.

本文以治理和善治为分析框架，在实证研究的基础上，通过对传统时期、集体化时期、后集体时期的乡村治理与老人福利变迁的历史考察和后集体时期不同区域类型的乡村治理与老人福利的差异比较，得出如下结论：(1)不同时期老人福利状况不同，并不是家庭养老模式发生了变化，而是家庭养老的制度基础发生了变化，其关键因素是支持农村社区组织控制社区经济和约束社区成员的国家意识形态、经济体制、政治制度、法律文化等方面发生了变化；(2)中国发展是不均衡的，后集体时期，我国治理农村的制度框架基本相同，都是乡政村治、分户经营，但不同的地区的老人福利也有很大的差异，其主要原因是不同区域类型的村庄有不同的社会结构，其老人的社会地位和不孝行为所受村庄公共舆论约束力不同；不同区域的乡村组织状况不同，其乡村干部保障老人福利的意愿和力度不同；(3)在现有的乡村治理模式中，选举老人特别是在村庄定居的退休干部担任村组干部，发展自治性的老年协会和开展经常性的、群体性的老年文体娱乐活动，可以提高老人福利、改善乡村治理。

Its organization loop has serious information filtering phenomena lengthwise and also has some problems locally breadthwise. Organization conflict has mild characteristics which result from equalization and the highest wage system in the local area. Dongsheng has a clear management strategy, but its system needs to be improved and enhanced. Its cost and technique management are advanced than the large-sized state-owned enterprises in this field, but its finance and human resources management need to be improved. The company's culture has played a great role in the development of Dongsheng, but the rapid enlargement of the enterprise and the insufficiency support of culture system result in its weakness in practice. The employees have excellent diathesis and the company emphasizes training, but there are large difference between some position setting and employee's ability and the company also doesn't pay enough attention to the core capability.

其部门之间、母子公司之间，部门与子公司之间都有许多方面需要改进；其组织循环在纵向上存在较严重的信息过滤，横向上局部也存在问题；组织冲突以平和为基本特点，带有平均主义色彩并在本区域收入最高的薪酬制度是形成这个特点的主要原因；有明确的公司经营战略，但公司的战略管理体系有待进一步完善和提高水平，其成本管理和技术管理明显高于同业大型国企，其财务和人力资源的管理还有待进一步提高；企业文化曾对公司的发展起了巨大的推动作用，但随着企业的迅速扩大，外来人员迅速增加，加上文化的制度支撑不足，出现了弱化和与实际不一致的状况；员工素质较高，公司注重培训，但相当一部分的岗位设置与员工能力水平存在较大差异。

A great number of private prosecution cases still need go through the three steps including investigation, prosecution and trial. Thus, the idea of justice and efficiency pursued bythe judiciary is too far from the actual practice on the light crimes in China. It is quite necessary, therefore, to absorb the rational factors in foreign criminal proceeding institutions on solving the light crime cases into the provisions on private prosecution in Chinas criminal proceeding law, and promote the application in judicial practice, and finally perfect and renovate them in the level of institution design.Establishment of reconciliation cesser secta axiom.

综上，虽然我国刑诉法及相关解释规定了8类轻微刑事案件可以自诉，但在实践中由于种种原因，真正通过自诉的途径解决的案件却微乎其微，大量的可以自诉的轻微犯罪案件仍需经过侦查、起诉、审判三道程序来终结，司法所追求的公正和效率的理念与我国现行对轻微犯罪的规制实践相去甚远，因此，在现有的法律框架内，参照我国刑事诉讼法关于自诉程序的规定，吸收国外刑事诉讼制度中解决轻微刑事案件诉讼效率的合理因素，在司法实践中加以倡导适用、在制度设计上加以完善创新是很有必要：确立和解终结诉讼原则。

According to modern enterprise system and the enterprise internal control theory, and based on extensive practical investigation and research, this thesis firstly analyzed product sale managements, financial affairs management, basic condition of organization construction and the existing problems, facing situation. Furthermore it demonstrated that it is imperative that the end product oil sale corporation of CNPC carries out the concentrated and unified business accountings of financial affairs and it brought forward the design of the reforger of varies business flows under the concentrated and unified accounting model of financial affairs. On this foundation, it analyzed the problems such as processing program of supply of final product oil, financial flow of sale commodity, processing program of sale fund final accounts, the recognition of the key of internal control, etc. Finally, some problems, which is worth paying attention to, have been carried on analysis and discussion, such as the control relation of the final product oil sale corp. and distributive corp. of regions and provinces, the balanced equivalent of centralization of state power and division of power, etc. during the course of putting into effect the system of concentrated and unified business accounting of financial affairs.

本论文根据现代企业制度和企业内部控制理论，在广泛实地调研的基础上，分析了中油成品油销售公司的产品销售管理、财务管理、组织结构等的基本状况及其存在的主要问题和面临的形势，论证了中油成品油销售公司实行财务集中统一核算势在必行，并对在财务集中统一核算模式下的各项业务流程再造进行了设计；在此基础上，具体对成品油供应的处理程序、销售商品的账务流程、成品油销售资金结算的处理程序、内部控制关键点的确认等问题进行了有针对性的分析和设计；最后，对在实施财务集中统一核算制度过程中，中油成品油销售公司与各区域、省市分公司的控制关系、集权与分权的平衡等值得注意的问题进行了分析和讨论。

My friends, we have met here today to celebrate the idea that has prompted thousands of working-people of Louisville and New Albany to parade the streets of that prompts the toilers of Chicago to turn out by their fifty or hundred thousand of men; that prompts the vast army of wage-workers in New York to demonstrate their enthusiasm and appreciation of the importance of this idea; that prompts the toilers of England, Ireland, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Austria to defy the manifestos of the autocrats of the world and say that on May the first, 1890, the wage-workers of the world will lay down their tools in sympathy with the wage-workers of America, to establish a principle of limitations of hours of labor to eight hours for sleep , eight hours for work, and eight hours for what we will.

朋友们，我们今天在这里集会，爲实行八小时工作日制度的要求吶喊。在国内，这一要求已促使路易斯维尔和新奥尔巴尼成千上万的工人们上街游行，激励了芝加哥的工人一批又一批地行动起来，激发了纽约工薪劳动大军的热忱，并使他们意识到这个问题的重要性。在国际上，这一要求鼓舞了英国、爱尔兰、德国、法国、意大利、西班牙和澳大利亚的劳动者，他们不顾世界上专制君主的禁令，宣布在1890年5月1日，全世界的工人将举行罢工，声援美国工人的斗争，要求实行八小时工作日制度，让工人有八小时睡眠、八小时自由支配的时间。

The study shows that the existing laws and regulations are relatively perfect as to the static prior administration of the house-preselling admission, such as the qualification limitation of the preselling entity, the limitation of the preselling items. However, the afterward dynamic administration is relatively imperfect, especially the administration of the new law relations produced in the course of house-preselling, such as transfer and mortgage of the presold houses because we have not enacted any law or regulation or operation procedure concerning the change of the consumers' rights and obligation. Therefore, in a sense, we can say that there exist some problems such as the divorce from practice to legislation and the lacking of legislation.

通过研究发现，现行法律法规对商品房预售主体的资格条件限制，预售项目的限制等商品房预售许可制度的事前静态管理是相对完善的，而对于商品房预售合同法制度等事中、事后的动态监管则相对薄弱和欠缺，尤其对于商品房预售中产生的新的法律关系，如预售商品房的转让，预售商品房的按揭等涉及当事人重要权利义务改变的一些重大问题没有作出具体规定或制定出实际的操作程序，因此，在某种程度上可以说，现行商品房预售管理法律制度中存在实践和立法脱节、立法存在空白和缺失的问题。

The regulatory system of protecting the knowledge innovation in patent has internalised such plentiful contents of the knowledge society that it can enrich and expand.

社会的知识化转型中，专利制度保护知识创新的制度体系在内化知识社会时代丰富意涵中得以充实和扩张，其相应的促进机制也因此有了新的运行驱力，专利权正是在多种合力的作用下踏上了社会知识化发展中的扩张之路，这一扩张不可避免的对传统的知识产权制度造成了冲击，保护知识创新也由此面临新的挑战与机遇。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。