制度上的

This paper retroact to the formation of the historical collective land ownership system, analyses the plight of the collective land ownership system, taps the root causes of their theoretical and practical shortcomings, and compares the pros and cons of various reform projects. Based on this, it proposes options, which the restructuring uses of.

本文追溯集体土地所有权制度形成的历史，对集体土地所有权制度的困境进行剖析，挖掘其理论和现实缺陷的根源，比较分析各种改造方案的利弊，并在此基础上提出用合有制改造集体土地所有权制度的方案。

In the third part , the author defines the legitimation of the judicial review to the abstract action . the author analyses the experience of constitutionalism of typic foreign countries and the defects of the devised control system to the abstract actions in china , and deems that it is necessary to establish the system of judicial review to the abstract action

第三部分&具体制度的建构：对抽象行政行为的司法审查&，在对中国现行司法审查制度评价的基础上，通过对抽象行政行为进行司法审查的必要性和优越性以及西方发达国家对抽象行政行为的审查机制的分析，明确在中国构建对抽象行政行为进行司法审查制度的正当性。

Based on real cases, this article first gives an account of the implication of resignation for blame. Then taking the Western system of resignation as the standard, it analyzes the characteristics of this kind of resignation in the following three aspects. First, the responsibility of the resignation can be attached only to political ones. Second, informal and unspoken nature is the characteristic of it on its manifestation. Third, this resignation system has a strong moral sense. The writer also lists a series of phenomena of unacclimatization while applying the system in China .

本文结合案例，首先阐析了引咎辞职的涵义；然后以西方的引咎辞职制度为标准，从一、引咎辞职的归责只能针对政治责任而非过错责任，二、非正式性、不成文性是领导干部引咎辞职制度在其表现形式上的特征，三、引咎辞职具有浓厚的道德色彩这三个方面，通过中西对照，详析了引咎辞职制度在中国出现的一系列&水土不服&现象。

That is the imperfection of the property rights of collective-owned land system and defects of the current land requisitions policy.

本文首先指出了我国现行征地制度存在的主要问题，并在借鉴国内外市场经济国家／地区土地征用的有益经验和制度的基础上，较为深刻地剖析了这些问题产生的根源，即集体土地产权体系和我国土地征用制度自身的缺陷。

It's also been a great solace to me to believe that you're engaged in vindicating to posterity the course that we've pursued for preserving to them, in all their purity, their blessings of self-government, which we had assisted in acquiring for them.

希望这世界上有一种治理制度，在执行的时候专门有坚定不移的一只眼睛来审视它，监护大众利益和为之奋斗者的幸福，建立在真理基础上的制度将永远与责难无缘，我们一生所致力的也正在这里。

Co-ownership is an important system in civil law.

共有制度是民法上的一项重要制度。

This investigation into the public power supervision in the rural communities in this paper has gone beyond the limitation of most other studies in this field, which focus on the villagers" supervision over the power exercised by village committees only from the perspective of "self-government of villagers. A systematic survey of the system arrangement for public power supervision in rural communities is conducted from the perspective of village administration. It also analyzes the deviances which arise in the operationprocess of public power supervision system in current rural communities and furthermore explores the main reasons behind the deviances.

本文突破了以往理论界在探讨村社区公共权力监督时，仅从村民自治的角度出发，着重研究村民对村委会权力运作监督的局限，从村治的角度对现阶段的村社区公共权力监督制度安排进行了系统梳理，在此基础上分析了目前村社区公共权力监督制度在实施过程中所产生的偏离现象，并进一步地探讨了这些偏离现象产生的主要原因，最后，就如何减少监督制度运作的偏离提出了一系列思考。

As the in-depth development of the socialist market economy and the advance of urbanization,house- hold contract responsibility system of land is lagging behind the situation of economic development in some rural areas;land transfer is gradually developing in the whole country,however,there are also some contra- dictions and problems;Land shareholding system is a modem system of land which is suited to the demand of China's socialist market economic development

土地股份制；农村土地制度；土地流转；随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展和城市化的推进，土地家庭承包责任制在部分地区已跟不上农村经济发展的形势；土地流转这一土地制度改革的新形式逐渐在全国发展起来，但也出现了一些矛盾和问题；土地股份制是适应我国社会主义市场经济发展要求的现代土地制度。

Erson and fund management right,to reform and rebuild Statewned c- ompany are the critical problem of our country economic reform,they are also a theoretical and practical subject that should be studied and s- ettled. A comparison method is used in this article to the mentioned prob lems.Based on the modern enterprise system theory method which is de- fined by the developing countriese,studied the problems and obstacles fa- ced by our enterprises running under the condition of market economy, drew some basic ideas from them,provided the design of target for our modem enterprise as well as the way and the methods to fulfill it.

本文运用比较研究的方法，在借鉴发达国家已确立的现代企业制度理论体系与实践经验的基础上，分析了在市场经济条件下我国企业制度面临的问题和障碍，从而理清了国有企业改革的基本思路，提出了我国建立现代企业制度的目标模式、实现的途径和操作方略。

The classical Roman law established an obligatio - contractus system with formalism and numerus clausus as the key features of contract; the medieval glossators accepted this model and redefined the contract with the doctrine of causa; the French law family continued this tradition and made the doctrine of causa the...

古典罗马法以形式主义和类型法定为契约概念的特质，构建了债一契约的制度模式；中世纪注释法学家遵循这一模式，以原因理论重构了合同的概念，这一传统为法国法系继受，使原因理论成为破译其合同概念及相关制度设计的密码；在德国，自然法理论、理性法学和历史法学结亲，以法律行为理论重组合同的要素，使其含义在历史上再一次发生根本性断裂；20世纪以后，制度的变迁又催生了新的合同说明模式。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。