制度上的

However, the system of independent trustee brought in our country is congenitally deficient in the environment of our system.

独立董事制度有其合理的功能定位，即使在制度健全的西方发达国家也只是作为改善公司治理结构的一种方案，而不是包治"百病"的灵丹妙药；我国引入独立董事还存在制度环境上的"先天不足"。

Law knowing that our country labour system to concurrent post by the fact that relation several aspect such as producing cause , developing the necessity that course , the scholar work establishing the system holding two or more posts concurrently on relation take issue with and legal system to concurrent post working carries out investigation and discussion , the depth on concurrent post gauge system hiatus and how come to solve legislation process middle possibility come across problem.

通过对兼职劳动关系的产生原因、发展历程、学者对兼职劳动关系的争论以及法律制度上确立兼职制度的必要性等几个方面进行探讨，深刻认识我国对兼(来源：23AB58C论文网www.abclunwen.com)职劳动制度法律规制的缺失以及如何来解决立法过程中可能遇到的问题。

Therefore, to advance the study on innovation of urban planning institution, the emphases should be in-depth analysis on the existent specific institutional arrangements, and reflection on theoretical methodology, nuclear concepts and logistic series of the institution system. The starting point of urban planning institutional innovation could base on the existent planning operational system, such as development planning, distribution planning and specific construction planning etc., or relate to urban construction and other relevant institutional arrangements. However, the emphasis should be establishing the mechanism of distributing, harmonizing and balancing different interests, rights.

城市规划制度创新可以按照城市发展规划、布局规划和具体建设规划等原规划运作体制及系列，以及与城市建设口其他相关制度安排相联系等不同方向行进；也可以从1980年代有关专家就已经提出的、近期国家发改委等有关部门正在积极研究创新的发展规划、布局规划、建设规划等分类规划与综合规划相结合的方向行进；但是制度创新的重点应放在对利益、权益的分配、协调与平衡机制的构建上。

As to this financial creation based on the system defects, if we just take the measure of strict forbiddance completely, the system defects can only be concealed temporarily what we should do now is to construct the positive relationship of creation and system improvement .

对于这种基于制度缺陷的金融创新，如果采用严格的一律禁止的措施，只能暂时在表面上掩盖制度存在的缺陷。我们目前应当做的，就是积极构建这种创新与制度改进的良性互动关系。

Based on the foresaid expounding and analysis, together with changing factors, such as population and economy, in process of China industrialization, this thesis stresses three major problems encountered by China pension system: population aging, dually social and economic structures and invisible pension debts.

在此基础上，结合中国工业化进程中人口、经济等因素的变化，重点分析了中国养老金制度面临的三大难题：人口老龄化、二元社会经济结构和隐性养老金债务，明确提出了中国城镇基本养老保险制度是现收现付制和基金制的机械混合制这一在理论上和实践中具有重要意义的观点。

However, this supervisory authority entrusted by the constitution and the law has long been put aside because of kinds of reasons. This phenomenon reflected the shortage of legislation as well as the implementation. In order to build a broad way for interpellation system, we need to compare studies of both the domestic and foreign interpellation system, inspect the present situation of interpellation power utilization, lay the foundation for the deepening interpellation system theory and get rid of the hurdle of system and ideology.

但是宪法和法律赋予的这项监督权却长期以来因为种种原因被束之高阁，这反映了立法上的不完善与实施的脱节之处，需要我们比较研究国内外质询制度及考察质询权运用的现状，为质询制度的理论深化冲破思想、制度的樊离奠定基础，为质询权的合理、适当、及时地行使开辟一条康庄大道。

This logical paradox proves that, institutionalization of freedom of press and economic freedom alone cannot guarantee the realization of the ideal goal of the liberalist theory. It is in this very paradoxical situation that related structural categories which influence journalism have, through struggle and compromise under the same mainstream ideology, caused the institutionalization of editing-management separation system and the underpinning journalism professionalism which protects the freedom of news production from market interferences, thus realizing to some degree the freedom of press.

逻辑悖论证明，仅仅有新闻自由、经济自由的正式制度，并不能达致自由主义报刊理论的理想目标；恰恰在此悖论中，影响新闻业的相关结构性范畴在共同的主流意识规约下经过博弈和妥协，达成编营分离制度安排以及作为编营分离制度支撑的新闻专业主义，阻抗了市场力量对新闻生产自由的控制，一定程度上确保了言论出版和新闻自由的实现。

Ution fairness is showing out with the certain norm form and legal form fair relations from person to person, Based on this, we analyze the premise, material base , thought condition and the generated direct drive force of the institution fairness ,which has solved its possibility problem.

制度公平是指以一定的规范形式和合法形式表现出来的人与人之间的公平关系，在此基础上，分析考察制度公平的逻辑前提、物质基础和思想条件以及其生成的直接驱动力，解决了制度公平之可能性问题。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

Moreover, the author analysis the principal of product liability to point out the positive aspect in applying product liability in punitive damages.

本部分一开始介绍了我国惩罚性赔偿制度在立法上的现状，凸显了惩罚性赔偿制度在我国法律中并未得到广泛确认这一现实。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。