制备

A traditional acidification method incorporated with an ether extraction technique was used to prepare silicotungstic acid and phosphotungstic acid with Keggin structure.

采用盐酸酸化-乙醚萃取法制备了Keggin型硅钨酸、磷钨酸，并分别以活性炭和硅胶为载体，采用不同的制备方法制备出一系列负载型杂多酸。

After 1990, the realization of some pivotally technical methods and the development of materials growth and devices technics made GaN to be the research focus of the world.

采用上述方法制备GaN，工艺复杂，设备昂贵，限制了GaN材料的制备、生产和应用。现在，国际上有许多科研机构正在探索新的工艺方法，试图在合适的衬底上制备高质量的GaN薄膜。

For the first time we synthesized nanoscale metal hydrides of lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium, and ytterbium with high efficiency under mild condition by complexometric catalysis instead of traditional preparation at high temperature and high pressure. It is for the first time that we synthesized lanthanide organic compounds with catalysts or initiating agents at atmosphere and ambient temperature,and some of them are new compounds. Nanometric lanthanide metal powders are prepared by thermal decomposition of the compounds in vacuum. Differently from the traditional method, size of the products prepared by our method is less than 40nm, and the activity of the reaction is very high. They are pyrophoric at atmosphere. They can make some reactions without activity or low activity show extremely high activity .We investigated influent regulations of methods, conditions to scale and special surface.

我们首次成功地用络合催化等方法取代需在高温高压下进行的传统方法，在温和条件下高效率地合成出纳米尺寸镧、钕、钐、镝、镱的金属氢化物；首次在常压常温的条件下，通过催化、引发等方法合成镧系金属有机化合物，再将其真空热分解成功地制备了纳米尺寸的镧、钕、钐、镝、镱等金属粉末；与传统方法不同，这些方法得到的产品基本颗粒尺寸小于 40 nm，遇到空气燃烧，具有极高的化学反应活性，使原来活性很低甚至观察不到活性的反应大幅度提高反应速率和产率；考察了制备方法、制备条件等因素对晶粒尺寸、比表面积大小等的影响规律。

The results show that the SAPO–5 has a pillar-like morphology with the size of about 20 μm×5 μm×5 μm.The ratio of P:Al:Si is 1:1.19:0.67 in its crystal structure, the content of Si is high. The total acidimety fo the SAPO–5 is 578.0 μmol/g , hihger than that of prepared by one step crystalline hydrothermal method.And its initial catalysis character performance on normal butane isomerization reaction reach 24.8 %, higher than that of prepared by one step crystalline hydrothermal method.

实验结果表明：产物为柱状的磷酸硅铝分子筛，其晶粒尺寸大约为20 μm×5 μm×5 μm，其晶体结构中P：Al：Si＝1：1.19：0.67，硅含量较高；采用分段晶化方式制备的SAPO-5分子筛的总酸量为578.0 μmol/g高于一段晶化方式制备的SAPO-5分子筛的总酸量；采用分段晶化生成的SAPO-5分子筛的催化正丁烷异构化反应初始活性可达到24.8 %，远高于一段晶化制备的SAPO-5分子筛的初始活性14.1 %。

The method adopts the following steps: after mixed, phosphorus source, silicon source, aluminum source, an organic template agent, water and a precursor of the SAPO molecular sieve are hydrothermally crystallized for at least 0.1 hour at the temperature ranging from 110 to 260 DEG C to obtain the SAPO molecular sieve; wherein, the preparation method for the precursor of the SAPO molecular sieve has the following steps:, the molar ratio is 0.03 to 0.6 R:(Si0.01 to 0.98: Al 0.01 to 0.6: P0.01 to 0.6): 2 to 500 H2O; wherein, R stands for mixture solution of raw materials which is blended by the phosphorus source, the silicon source, the aluminum source, the an organic template agent and water of the template agent;, the mixture solution of raw materials prepared in step reacts at the temperature which is at least 50 DEG C lower than the crystallization temperature for at least 0.1 hour.

本发明通过采用包括以下步骤：将磷源、硅源、铝源、有机模板剂、水和SAPO分子筛前驱体混合后在110～260℃的温度下水热晶化至少0.1小时获得SAPO分子筛；其中SAPO分子筛的前驱体的制备包括以下步骤：将摩尔配比为0.03～0.6R∶(Si0.01～0.98∶Al0.01～0.6∶P0.01～0.6)∶2～500H 2 O，式中R代表模板剂的磷源、硅源、铝源、有机模板剂和水混合成原料混合液；将步骤制备的原料混合液在低于晶化温度至少50℃的温度下反应至少0.1小时的技术方案较好地解决了该问题，可应用于含氧化合物制烯烃催化剂的制备过程。

The method by drying/adsorption was used to prepare DNA adsorptively modified electrodes, and thus-resulting DNA-modified electrodes were electrochemically and spectroscopically characterized, including cyclic voltammetry, scanning tunneling microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, in-situ UV/Vis reflection spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and alternating current impedance. Some information about the state of DNA immobilized on electrode surfaces was obtained.

鉴于此，本论文工作首先利用简便的干燥吸附法制备获得DNA吸附修饰电极，采用电化学方法及多种谱学仪器方法如STM，XPS，Raman，交流阻抗，UV-Vis现场光谱等对DNA修饰电极进行了表征，获得了有关DNA在电极表面状态等有价值的信息；又采用自组装单分子层修饰技术，制备出DNA共价键合修饰SAM/电极，并对制备条件进行了优化，利用XPS及电化学方法对修饰电极进行了表征。

In this paper the preparation of biodiesel from Stillingia oil by transesterification is investigated using KF/γ-Al2O3 as solid nanocatalyst.

以γ-Al2O3为载体负载KF，制备纳米KF/γ-Al2O3酯交换催化剂，用于催化乌桕籽油制备生物柴油，研究了不同制备条件下纳米催化剂KF/γ-Al2O3的催化性能。

The result showed that, rutile TiO2 was well consistent with carrier resin, so the prepared masterbatch had glabrous of surface, and application was better than acute TiO2; the masterbatch was prepared by using polymerization PE wax, whose application is better than masterbatch prepared by using other PE wax, such as hiding power of the film, whiteness of the templet; dispersion of TiO2 was uniformity, and application was improved, in particular hiding power and tinctorial power by adding PPA and nanocalcium carbonate in masterbatch.

结果表明，浓PE白色母粒的加工制备，样品中金红石型钛白粉与载体树脂相容性较好，载体树脂仍能形成连续相，制备出表面光洁的色母粒，且应用性能较优于锐钛型钛白粉；聚合型聚乙烯蜡制备的浓白色母粒，薄膜透过率较低，光密值较大，母粒的遮盖力强，注塑样板的白度高，母粒的着色力强，应用性能优于其它聚乙烯蜡；浓白色母粒中加入PPA和纳米碳酸钙，使钛白粉粒子的分散均匀，提高了母粒的着色力、遮盖力等应用性能。

Using tetrabutyl titanate and methyl methacrylateor 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA as materials, methacryloxylpropyl trimethoxy siliane as coupling agent, HCl as catalyst, Poly-titania（PMMA－TiO2） nanocomposites and Poly-titania（PMMA－TiO2） nanocomposites were synthesized by sol-gel process.

以盐酸作为催化剂，将钛酸四丁酯水解制备二氧化钛（TiO2）溶胶；随后将所制备溶胶与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、硅烷偶联剂（γ－甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷）相混合，以过氧化苯甲酰作为引发剂，经过聚合、缩合和溶胶-凝胶过程，制备了均匀透明的PMMA-TiO2纳米复合材料和PHEMA－TiO2纳米复合材料。

In this paper, the preparations, analytical methods, physical characteristics of ferrates and the application of ferrates in the fields of synthesis of organic compounds, treatment of waste water and the usage as cathode material in alkaline batteries are summarized. The electrochemical preparation of sodium ferrate is described and the relationships between the main parameters in the process are deeply investigated. One method of in-situ electrosynthesizing potassium ferrate of high purity with both high efficiency and low energy consumption is invented. The cyclic voltammogram and feature characterization of iron anode in alkaline solutions is studied. One preparation method of ex-situ electrosynthesizing tripotassium sodium ferrate of high purity is created.

本文概述了高铁化合物的制备方法、分析方法、物理化学性质及其在氧化合成有机物、水处理和用作碱性电池正极材料等领域的应用；深入系统地研究了高铁酸钠的电化学制备及其影响参数之间的关系；研发了一种高效率低能耗直接电合成高纯度高铁酸钾的工艺方法；探讨了铁电极在浓的苛性碱溶液中的循环伏安特征及其极化特征；研发了一种电化学制备高铁酸三钾钠的工艺方法并用多种现代分析测试技术对K_3Na(FeO_4，)_2进行了表征。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。