制动载荷

The friction performances of carbon face were investigated with an inertia friction tester. The torque curve of carbon face was ideal, the coefficient of static friction was lower than that of dynamic in 0.28 MPa, the friction coefficient of static and dynamic decreased with the braking pressure increasing. To the fiber face, the coefficient of dynamic friction of carbon face was more stable in cycle braking process, the wear rate was lower, and it was efficient to protect the couple plate not to be worn.

结果表明：碳质层的摩擦力矩在制动初期上升较快，中间过渡区平稳，尾部翘起较小；在制动压力小于0.28 MPa时静摩擦系数小于动摩擦系数，且动、静摩擦系数均随制动压力增加而减小；相对纤维层而言，采用碳质层摩擦时摩擦力矩曲线形态更好，连续制动时摩擦系数波动较小，磨损率低且能够有效保护偶件，是1种静/动摩擦系数比较低且适用于高载荷工况条件下使用的摩擦材料。

The friction performances of carbon face were investigated with an inertia friction tester.The torque curve of carbon face was ideal,the coefficient of static friction was lower than that of dynamic in 0.28 MPa,the friction coefficient of static and dynamic decreased with the braking pressure increasing.To the fiber face,the coefficient of dynamic fric...

结果表明：碳质层的摩擦力矩在制动初期上升较快，中间过渡区平稳，尾部翘起较小；在制动压力小于0.28 MPa时静摩擦系数小于动摩擦系数，且动、静摩擦系数均随制动压力增加而减小；相对纤维层而言，采用碳质层摩擦时摩擦力矩曲线形态更好，连续制动时摩擦系数波动较小，磨损率低且能够有效保护偶件，是1种静/动摩擦系数比较低且适用于高载荷工况条件下使用的摩擦材料。

The results show that when the porosity of sample was higher, compressure rate was higher and resilience rate was lower, however resilient rate of sample with higher porosity were increased notably when pressure was increased, and it tended to accord with of sample with lower porosity. The friction coefficient was higher when porosity of paper-based friction material was higher, and the friction coefficient tended to reduce and stabilize when braking pressure was increased. The friction coefficient of sample with high porosity tended to reduce and stabilize in continuous braking cycles.

结果表明：在相同载荷下，随着孔隙率增大，材料的压缩率增加而回弹率降低，随着载荷增加，高孔隙率材料的回弹率先明显增大，而后趋于稳定；在相同比压和转速下，孔隙率越高，材料的摩擦系数越大，随着比压增加，孔隙率高的材料摩擦系数逐渐降低，且不同孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐趋于一致；在连续循环制动时，高孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低并趋于稳定。

This paper analyzes how to decide emergency braking moment and slipping limited deceleration when the hoister raises or drops load.

针对提升机在紧急制动时采用二级制动的特点，对提升、下放载荷时，如何正确地确定紧急制动力矩及滑动极限减速度进行了分析探讨。

Taking the overall design of JG6120 interurban coach as an example, the preliminary evaluation of the bus load distribution, dynamical performance, economical efficiency, brake performance, steering controllability, and slide performance are carried out. It is the first time to put forward the idea of evaluating the bus performance with KBE; a new calculation method of the bus roll stability angle and a new calculation formula of the bus sliding time and distance are raised too.

以为重庆金冠开发的JG6120长途客车总体设计为例，开展了对载荷分配、动力性、经济性、制动性、操纵稳定性和滑行性的预评价研究，提出了KBE技术在客车总体设计性能评价中的应用，提出了客车静止在横向坡道上的最大侧倾稳定角的新算法，提出了计算客车滑行时间、滑行距离的新公式。

According to the freight vehicle longitudinal stresscondition loads will be divided into switchyard conditions,brake condition,ease conditin and so on.Then based on survey statistics and samples of various spectral condition, the preparation of the actual operation longitudinal load spectrum will be established.

3根据货车纵向受力状况，将纵向载荷分成溜放、制动、缓解等工况，并依据调查统计及试验样本谱合成各种工况，编制实际运行的纵向载荷谱。

On the basis of finite element model of this vehicle frame, the stress analysis was carried out on the vehicle flame respectively in two severe loading operating conditions pf emergency braking and of upper benching with wheels on the diagonal line.

在该车架有限元模型的基础上，对车架在紧急制动和对角线轮上台阶两种严重载荷工况下分别进行了应力分析，得出了整个车架结构的应力分布云图。

Simulation result shows that this method is simple and convenient, can directly reflect changing of important parameters in the braking process such as velocity, acceleration, braking distance, braking force, loading and adhesion power etc; It can avoid the overelaborate procedure of manual calculation and programming ,offer strong tools for study on the braking performance of car-trailer.

通过建立拖挂式房车制动过程的力学模型，并在MATLAB/SIMUUNK环境下搭建仿真模型，时拖挂式房车制动过程进行动态仿真，结果表明，该方法能简单、直观、便捷地反映拖挂式房车制动过程中的速度、加速厦、制动距离、制动力、载荷、附着力等参数的变化，避免了手工计算或编程的繁琐，为拖挂式房车制动性能的研究提供有力的工具。

The study of the dynamic processes is the important approach to warranting reducing dynamic load of the belt and some other components during starting and stopping and providing the parameters needed in the course of normal work as well.

输送机的动态过程的研究是保证输送机在起、制动过程中寻求降低输送带和其它零部件的动载荷，提供满足正常工作所需的参数的重要途径。

Travel mechanism of each track consists of a variable two-speed piston motor, a planetary reducer and a parking brake, travel brake buffer valve is mounted on motor to reduce hydraulic shock.

每侧履带的行走机构由一个变量双速柱塞马达、行星减速器和制动器组成，行走制动缓冲阀与马达一体安装，吸收了行车时由于制动或载荷变化带来的液压冲击。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。