制动率

The engine speed at minimum brake specific fuel consumption was happened between maximum engine torque and maximum brake horsepower.

最低燃料消耗率时之引擎转速，落於最大扭力与最大制动马力之间。

Thirdly, Through the introduction of the Burckhardt road model 、Gim tire model、bus brake model and Time-domain model of road roughness ,ABS system with a fuzzy controller based on the slip rate deviation and deviation rate of change was designed. The ABS system on account of impacts of air suspension and road roughness were analyzed, and its result showed that air suspension system and braking system need joint control.

第三，通过引入了描述单轮特性的Burckhardt的路面模型、Gim轮胎模型、客车制动器模型和时域路面不平度模型，并在此基础上设计了基于滑移率偏差和偏差变化率的ABS模糊控制器，对计及空气悬架和路面不平度影响的ABS进行了分析，进而说明了空气悬架系统与制动系统进行联合控制的必要性。

The friction performances of carbon face were investigated with an inertia friction tester. The torque curve of carbon face was ideal, the coefficient of static friction was lower than that of dynamic in 0.28 MPa, the friction coefficient of static and dynamic decreased with the braking pressure increasing. To the fiber face, the coefficient of dynamic friction of carbon face was more stable in cycle braking process, the wear rate was lower, and it was efficient to protect the couple plate not to be worn.

结果表明：碳质层的摩擦力矩在制动初期上升较快，中间过渡区平稳，尾部翘起较小；在制动压力小于0.28 MPa时静摩擦系数小于动摩擦系数，且动、静摩擦系数均随制动压力增加而减小；相对纤维层而言，采用碳质层摩擦时摩擦力矩曲线形态更好，连续制动时摩擦系数波动较小，磨损率低且能够有效保护偶件，是1种静/动摩擦系数比较低且适用于高载荷工况条件下使用的摩擦材料。

The friction performances of carbon face were investigated with an inertia friction tester.The torque curve of carbon face was ideal,the coefficient of static friction was lower than that of dynamic in 0.28 MPa,the friction coefficient of static and dynamic decreased with the braking pressure increasing.To the fiber face,the coefficient of dynamic fric...

结果表明：碳质层的摩擦力矩在制动初期上升较快，中间过渡区平稳，尾部翘起较小；在制动压力小于0.28 MPa时静摩擦系数小于动摩擦系数，且动、静摩擦系数均随制动压力增加而减小；相对纤维层而言，采用碳质层摩擦时摩擦力矩曲线形态更好，连续制动时摩擦系数波动较小，磨损率低且能够有效保护偶件，是1种静/动摩擦系数比较低且适用于高载荷工况条件下使用的摩擦材料。

The results show that influence of content of kraft fiber on compressure-resilience and tribology properties was inapparent, however the compressure rate and resilient rate were increased when pressure was increased, and friction coefficient was decreased to some extent when pressure and rotate speed were increased.

在相同比压和转速条件下，纸浆纤维含量对纸基摩擦材料动摩擦系数的影响不明显，但随着比压和转速的增加，纸基摩擦材料的摩擦系数降低，其中含有17.5%纸浆纤维的纸基材料在循环制动条件下的摩擦系数最稳定，磨损率最低。

The results show that when the porosity of sample was higher, compressure rate was higher and resilience rate was lower, however resilient rate of sample with higher porosity were increased notably when pressure was increased, and it tended to accord with of sample with lower porosity. The friction coefficient was higher when porosity of paper-based friction material was higher, and the friction coefficient tended to reduce and stabilize when braking pressure was increased. The friction coefficient of sample with high porosity tended to reduce and stabilize in continuous braking cycles.

结果表明：在相同载荷下，随着孔隙率增大，材料的压缩率增加而回弹率降低，随着载荷增加，高孔隙率材料的回弹率先明显增大，而后趋于稳定；在相同比压和转速下，孔隙率越高，材料的摩擦系数越大，随着比压增加，孔隙率高的材料摩擦系数逐渐降低，且不同孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐趋于一致；在连续循环制动时，高孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低并趋于稳定。

Combining the functional analysis method with the heat conduction differential equations the finite element mathematic modal as the solution to the period cyclic symmetric structure temperature field was constructed.

试验研究了SiCp_A356复合材料在20℃～450℃之间的拉伸力学性能、循环应力应变响应以及应力松弛行为，以经典的弹塑性增量理论作为塑性模型、以经典的Dom幂率方程作为蠕变模型，引入温度效应，建立了适用于制动盘结构分析的热弹塑性-蠕变本构模型。

We can use the ellipsoidal model to calculate the relations of period derivation and braking index with average density.

而我们就可利用椭球模型来计算周期变率和制动系数同平均密度的关系；如果取平均密度约为2.2×10〓克/厘米〓，则周期变率约为5.4×10〓秒/秒，制动系数为-0.4。

To the condition of deviation from side path when vehicles are turning and braking, according to the deviation distance, the control strategies and control algorithms of vehicle braking stability by two control methods, yaw moment and active steering, are determined. The fuzzy controller are designed whose outputs can be adjusted online according to the variation of slip rate and dynamic proportionality factor. The simulation results prove that the method of fuzzy control which is based on the yaw meoment and front wheel active steering can improve vehicle braking stability and ability of path tracking.

针对汽车在转弯制动时出现的侧向路径偏离状况，根据偏离量大小，利用横摆力矩和主动转向两种控制模式分别进行汽车制动稳定性控制，确立了两种控制模式下的控制策略和控制算法，设计了模糊控制器，根据轮胎最优滑移率变化状况，对模糊输出变量论域的大小按照动态比例系数进行实时在线调整，仿真实验验证了所提出的基于横摆力矩和前轮主动转向的模糊控制方法能提高汽车制动稳定性和路径跟踪能力。

The result indicates the wheels dont lock on every road surface, as shows the ability of avoiding the wheel locking. The values of slide ratio approach and revolve round the best slide ratio constantly, which indicates this method utilizes the character of pavement thoroughly, and the braking efficiency is excellent.

结果表明在各种路面车轮几乎没有抱死，显示了自寻优避免车轮抱死的能力；滑移率的值基本上一直接近并围绕最佳滑移率变化，说明该方法充分利用了路面性能，制动性能较好；制动力矩及制动力随着路面条件的变化自动做出相应调整，实现了路面自动识别功能。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。