制动

The Brake shoes apply friction to the Brake drum , forcing it and the wheel to slow or stop.

制动蹄对制动鼓所产生的摩擦力迫使制动鼓和车轮减速或停车。

The correlation test on pressure, speed and temperature of brake friction coefficient are performed, the results indicate that the stability of friction coefficient is enough.

按照制动标准VW TL 110规定的试验程序，进行了制动衬片摩擦系数的压力、速度、温度相关性试验，试验结果表明，制动摩擦系数随压力、速度、温度的变化范围在规定的离散带范围内，摩擦系数的稳定性是符合要求的。

This paper analyzes how to decide emergency braking moment and slipping limited deceleration when the hoister raises or drops load.

针对提升机在紧急制动时采用二级制动的特点，对提升、下放载荷时，如何正确地确定紧急制动力矩及滑动极限减速度进行了分析探讨。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Based on the analysis of the influence to the testing result induced by the roller parameters, such as the diameter, attachment coefficient and locating angle, the thesis proves that, through construction of a mechanics model of the rig to calculate the biggest braking forcing which can be detected, the detectible braking force has a direct ratio with the roller attachment coefficient and a inverse ratio with the cosine of the locating angle.

在分析了汽车滚筒反力式制动检验台的滚筒直径、滚筒的附着系数及安置角对检测结果影响的基础上，通过建立力学模型计算汽车滚筒反力式制动检验台所能检测到的最大汽车制动力得出结论：汽车滚筒反力式制动检验台所能检测到的制动力与滚筒的附着系数成正比，与安置角的余弦成反比。

We 〓 braking inaex also as the function of only oblateness.

另外，我们也可导出脉冲星制动系数亦完全决定于扁率，当扁率趋向于零时，制动系数趋向于3，而这正是标准模型下所具有的制动系数。

To the condition of deviation from side path when vehicles are turning and braking, according to the deviation distance, the control strategies and control algorithms of vehicle braking stability by two control methods, yaw moment and active steering, are determined. The fuzzy controller are designed whose outputs can be adjusted online according to the variation of slip rate and dynamic proportionality factor. The simulation results prove that the method of fuzzy control which is based on the yaw meoment and front wheel active steering can improve vehicle braking stability and ability of path tracking.

针对汽车在转弯制动时出现的侧向路径偏离状况，根据偏离量大小，利用横摆力矩和主动转向两种控制模式分别进行汽车制动稳定性控制，确立了两种控制模式下的控制策略和控制算法，设计了模糊控制器，根据轮胎最优滑移率变化状况，对模糊输出变量论域的大小按照动态比例系数进行实时在线调整，仿真实验验证了所提出的基于横摆力矩和前轮主动转向的模糊控制方法能提高汽车制动稳定性和路径跟踪能力。

At first, the article introduces the method to test the equivalent mass, the static moment of resistance, and the braking deceleration of the brake system and to examine the speed and the force of the hoisting system. According to the detecting method that the author put forwards, the parameters such as the brake torque, the time of idle motion, the brake distance and so on can be obtained.

文章首先介绍了提升机闸控系统的变位质量、静阻力矩、制动减速度以及提升系统的运行速度、拖动力的测试方法，然后依据作者提出的检测方法，得到闸控系统的制动力矩、空动时间和制动运行距离等参数。

Antilock braking system makes an essential contribution to traffic safety for it ensures optimum stability, steerability and stopping distance during hard braking.

防抱制动系统能够最大限度地保证车辆紧急制动时的操纵稳定性和制动性能，从而大大提高了行车安全性。

In this paper finite element model was established, transient work condition of wave-proof plate of transportation tank in full load was analyzed in brake condition, the maximum stress map and amplitude diagram in maximal deforming point were plotted. According to the change of the transport medium, the results in variant thickness of wave-proof plate were compared and analyzed.

建立了运输槽罐制动时的有限元模型，并且对制动条件下的满载罐体的防浪板进行了瞬态仿真分析，绘出了制动时防浪板的最大应力图和变形最大点的幅值图，将不同厚度的防浪板按照运输介质的变化得出的不同结果，进行了分析比较。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。