制动

To improve the braking safety of automobile, the mechanics characteristic of differential brake was analyzed, automotive subsystems models were built by applying ADAMS/ Car, automotive mechanics simulation model was built by setting some main subsystems, beeline braking stability and turning braking stability were simulated, and the effect of differential brake on the stabilities was studied.

为了提高汽车制动的安全性，对差动制动的力学特性进行了分析，运用ADAMS／Car软件建立了汽车各子系统动力学模型，通过对主要子系统进行相应的设置，建立了整车动力学仿真模型，进行了直线制动及转弯制动稳定性仿真分析，研究了差动制动对制动稳定性的影响。

The hardwareinloop test was peformed on the vehiele regenerative braking test bench, and the results show that the energy reclaiming ratio in the dual motors/generators scheme is 10% higher than that in the single motor/generator scheme at low to middle braking intensities, and the larger the braking intensity, the higher the energy reclaiming ratio.

在汽车制动能量再生试验台上进行了在环仿真试验，结果表明，采用该系统方案的制动能量回收率在中小制动强度下比单个电机方案高10%以上，在制动强度越大，双电机制动能量回收率值比单电机制动时的越大。

In order to investigate the frictional temperature of brake rotor,the thermal transmission model of brake disc during braking was theoretically derived,and the equation of heat conduction on the basis of change of friction heat flow intensity and experimental research to real brake plate was obtained.

为了研究摩擦过程中制动盘摩擦表面温升的情况，在1∶1惯性制动实验研究的基础上，基于制动过程中摩擦热流强度的变化，建立了制动时制动盘传热模型，推导出了制动盘摩擦表面温度的计算公式，并用此公式算出的结果与实测温度进行了对比。

Caused by the brake disc brake on back wheel should not have four kinds of spaces possible: First, the foot brake 5 exhaust inlets, high pressure gas instinct Pai people the atmosphere, caused by gas-liquid master cylinder should not spring back to place, cause the system Oil will move the brake disc brake wheel cylinder piston top dead can not come back to places; are gas-liquid two disc brake master cylinder to the tubing plug, resulting in brake wheel cylinder piston can not come back to places; are three master cylinder of gas-liquid Can not spring back to their own spaces, brake fluid under high pressure gas, liquid should not return to the master cylinder reservoir chamber, resulting in brake wheel cylinder piston can not come back to places; are four wheel disc brake piston brake system because of moving fluid dirty or rusty Pistons Can not Back-bit card dead.

造成盘式制动器上的制动分泵不能回位有4种可能：一是脚制动阀5的排气口堵塞，高压气体本能排人大气，造成气液总泵的弹簧不能回位，导致制动油将盘式制动器的制动分泵活塞顶死而不能回位；二是气液总泵至盘式制动器的油管堵塞，造成制动分泵活塞不能回位；三是气液总泵的弹簧本身不能回位，制动液在高压气体作用下，不能回到气液总泵的储油室，从而造成制动分泵活塞不能回位；四是盘式制动器制动分泵活塞由于制动液太脏或活塞生锈卡死而不能回位。

Caused by disc brake on the brake Wheel Cylinder could not return to places 4 possible: First, 5 foot brake valve exhaust port blocking, high-pressure gas instinct platoon atmosphere, caused by gas-liquid master cylinder of the spring could not return to place, resulting in the system move oil, brake disc brake Wheel Cylinder Piston top dead and could not return to places; second is to the disc brake master cylinder gas-liquid pipeline blockage, resulting in brake Cylinder piston can not return to place; third master cylinder of the gas-liquid Spring itself can not return to position, brake fluid under high pressure gas can not return Axial pump to gas-liquid master cylinder reservoir chamber, resulting in brake Cylinder piston can not return to places; Fourth Wheel Cylinder piston disc brake system, due to moving fluid dirty or rusty card dead and can not return to the piston position.

造成盘式制动器上的制动分泵不能回位有4种可能：一是脚制动阀5的排气口堵塞，高压气体本能排人大气，造成气液总泵的弹簧不能回位，导致制动油将盘式制动器的制动分泵活塞顶死而不能回位；二是气液总泵至盘式制动器的油管堵塞，造成制动分泵活塞不能回位；三是气液总泵的弹簧本身不能回位，制动液在高压气体作用下，不能回到气液总泵的储油室，从而造成制动分泵活塞不能回位；四是盘式制动器制动分泵活塞由于制动液太脏或活塞生锈卡死而不能回位。

The effects of engine braking and CVT speed ratio control on the braking performance of a hybrid electric vehicle are analyzed.A braking control strategy is proposed,in which regenerative braking is adopted for low braking intensity,the combination of regenerative braking and friction braking is used for high braking intensity,and the engine braking is also added for emergency braking.

分析了混合动力汽车制动过程中发动机反拖制动和CVT速比控制对车辆再生制动性能的影响，提出了低制动强度下仅由电机再生制动、高制动强度下电机与制动器共同制动和紧急制动时发动机参与制动的再生制动策略。

The Automatic Control Valves ABS is ABS for short, which is based on the conventional brake system security technologies to enhance improved by controlling the brake hydraulic flaps to achieve control of the wheel locking, the braking process , only when the wheels tend to be controlled when locking, ABS will tend to locking of the wheels anti-lock brake pressure regulation; in the control wheel was not tended to locking, the braking Butterfly Valves process and the conventional system exactly the same dynamic system, the braking process, its work process is actually locking - release - Locking - release cycle of the working process, the vehicle is always in the critical state of locking of the roll gap.

而ABS是制动防抱死系统的简称，它是在常规制动装置基础上的加强改进的安全技术，通过控制刹车油压的收放，来达到对车轮抱死的控制，在制动过程中，只有当被控制车轮趋于抱死时，ABS才会对趋于抱死车轮的制动压力进行防抱死调节；在被控制车轮还没有趋于抱死时，制动过程与常规制动系统的制动过程完全相同，其工作过程实际上是抱死—松开—抱死—松开的循环工作过程，使车辆始终处于临界抱死的间隙滚动状态。

Drum brake is also called block brake with which drives can brake the car by making the brake block press on brake pulley. Brake block is located inside of brake pulley and it will spread out and chafe against the inside of brake pulley when braking, so the car will stop.

鼓式制动器也叫块式制动器，是靠制动块在制动轮上压紧来实现刹车的，它的制动块位于制动轮内侧，在刹车的时候制动块向外张开，摩擦制动轮的内侧，达到刹车的目的。

The service brake: system's function is causes in the travel the vehicles deceleration, until the parking, is one of driving on the way most frequent use brake functions; The installment which was causes in the vehicle braking system to stop trips the automobile presence which freezes; The second braking system is in the service brake: system expires in the situation guaranteed that the automobile still could realize the deceleration and the parking installment, has listed as one of basic installments in many national this system; The auxiliary braking system uses in slowing down or the stable vehicle speed extra arresting gear.

行车制动系统的功能是使行驶中的车辆减速，直至停车，是行车途中最频繁使用的制动功能之一；驻车制动系统是使已停驶的汽车驻留原地不动的装置；第二制动系统是在行车制动系统失效的情况下保证汽车仍能实现减速和停车的装置，在许多国家该系统已列为基本装置之一；辅助制动系统用于减缓或稳定车速的额外制动装置。

Because the automobile applies the brake the braking force which needs to be quite big, and is quite frequent, therefore the automobile applies the brake mainly to use the air compressor and the hydraulic pump energizes, the corresponding braking system respectively is the barometric pressure braking system and the hydraulic brake system; The human body mechanical energy mainly uses in the passenger vehicle in the vehicle arresting gear, the driver draws the hand brake lever or steps on presses the foot pedal dive flap, carries on effectively through the steel wire after the wheel applies the brake in the vehicle, prevents the vehicles stop when the landslide or slides moves.

由于汽车制动所需的制动力比较大且比较频繁，所以汽车制动主要采用空气压缩机和液压泵供能，对应的制动系统分别是气压制动系统和液压制动系统；人体机械能则主要用于轿车的驻车制动装置，驾驶者拉动手制动杆或踩压脚踏制动板，通过钢索对后车轮进行有效的驻车制动，以防止车辆停车时滑坡或溜动。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。