到差

A new computational formula to nonlinear adjustment by parameters, in consideration of the second-order terms, is derived in this paper from the precise orthogonality condition equations to nonlinear least squares by analyzing the direct solving process and iterative computing method of the linearized model.

在分析线性化的非线性参数平差的近似直接解法与迭代解法基础上，利用非线性最小二乘的精确正交性条件方程，推导出顾及到二次项的非线性参数平差的一种新的计算公式。

In the first charpter,response variable is generalized to q dimensions, we propose the concept of QMLE and quasi function in nonlinear models, then under mild conditions, we prove that there exists the solution_n with probability 1 for sufficiently large n, and obtain the strong consistency, some results of asymptotic normality, meanwhile consistent estimator of σ~2 for QMLE for heterosedastic nonlinear models is presented.

在第一章中，我们首先将响应变量由一维推广到了多维，得出了非线性模型的极大拟似然估计的定义和拟似然方程，然后在一定的条件下，证明了当样本量n充分大时，拟似然方程以概率1有解？？_n且收敛于参数的真值(即定理1.2)，并且给出了极大拟似然估计的渐近正态性(即定理1.3，1.4)，最后考虑了异方差非线性模型的离差参数σ~2的相合估计(即定理1.5)。

The extracted P-wave is reverse-time extrapolated and imaged with a P-velocity model using a finite difference solution of the scalar wave equation, the extracted S-wave is reverse-time extrapolated and imaged similarly, but with an S-velocity model, and converted S-wave data requires a polarity correction prior to migration to ensure constructive interference between data from adjacent source.

在模型中，每个网格点的纵、横波成像时间，为震源到该网格点的纵波初至时间。利用纵波速度模型和声波传播方程的有限差分解，对反射纵波进行逆时延拓和成像，利用横波速度模型和声波传播方程的有限差分解，对转换横波进行逆时延拓和成像，并在偏移前进行极性校正。

Considering that the covariance function could not exist in some conditions, we put forward the idea of using the variogram function as a substitute for the covariance function and prove their equivalence.

考虑到在某些情况下协方差函数可能不存在，因此考虑用变异函数来代替协方差函数估计径向基核函数的宽度参数。

The concept of topology optimization of truss structures with discrete variables including two kinds of variables and the relative difference quotient algorithm for discrete optimization are extended to the topology optimization of plate and shell structures composed by plate and shell elements.

将包含两类变量的桁架结构拓扑优化设计的概念及求解离散优化的相对差商法进一步推广到由板壳单元组成的板壳结构的拓扑优化，建立了包含两类变量的板壳结构拓扑优化设计模型，并采用相对差商算法进行求解。

The 1-4 order variation law of frequency, energy and distance of MS events before destabilizing can display the change rule of MS events. According to the variation law of the difference of frequency, energy and distance of micro seismic events before destabilizing, the fracture of rock mass can be precisely predicted. This is of great importance for safety of colliery.

微地震事件的距离、能量、频数的一到四阶差分均能够显示微地震事件的变化规律，根据未失稳岩体微震事件距离、频数、能量差分变化规律，能够准确地利用微震监测技术预报岩体破裂，这对于采用微地震监测技术解决矿山井下岩体破坏失稳预报具有重要指导意义。

If you do not take into account the Distiller PostScript interpreter on survival, then any discussion on Distiller is incomplete.

如果操纵思考到Distiller差PostScript注释器的浩大息用，那么任何差Distiller的辩论都是不残破的。

Because it is in the traditional PS, compared to the CTP equipment expensive special plates, Business card printing business can feel from the exact cost-savings. The 30 square metres in the multivariate a PS contrast 60-70 square meters in a diversity of CTP, and is no longer a free drops, CTcP way brings savings of 50% and 100% profit.

因为搁置的是古板PS版，差比CTP摆设腾贵的不入格版材，制卡企业可以从洋不实的感触到耗费本钱的哀痛。30众元一平米的PS版差比60-70众元一平米的CTP版，再增上不一再是不收费的药水，CTcP方法带来的是50%的耗费和100%本钱。

So we need consider the effects of the earth curvature. In global integration, the requirement of the data coverage and the computation are comparative high. In this thesis, a moving coordinate system is used to overcome the effects of the earth curvature. And a differential calculation concept is proposed that assumes the difference of geoid calculated between the central point and its marginal point is constant when the integration area is far away from the central point.

论文中提出了利用柱体积分时采用移动坐标系来顾及地球弯曲的影响，并利用差分的概念，设想离计算区域到一定距离后，流动点对计算区域内的中心点和边缘点的影响之差为一常数，并用试验的方法，统计分析了它们对大地水准面的有效积分拓展范围。

The inention relates to a radio wave absorber which can achieve low cost, a small transportation volume, an excellent radio wave absorbing characteristic from a low frequency to a high frequency with a short length, a small or no difference in the characteristic of a polarization plane, and can be easily fabricated and worked.

本发明涉及一种电波吸收件、电波吸收体及其制造方法、以及电波暗室，用于实现下述的电波吸收体，其成本低、输送体积小、长度短、从低频到高频能获得良好的电波吸收特性，没有极化面特性差或该极化面特性差较小、重量轻、结构强度高、制造和施工容易。

This brought fixed cost, but it also is meant at the same time use a source to won't make you singlehanded assume a problem.

这带来了一定的成本，但它同时也意味着使用开源不会让你独力承担问题。

He gained a small fortune in real estate.

他在房地产上发了一笔小财。