利益集团

In Chapter Four, I try to convey some of the institutional forces—money, media, interest groups, and the legislative process—that stifle even the best-intentioned politician.

第四章，我将尝试着解说一些机构——大财团、媒体、利益集团和司法程序在政治中的巨大影响力，它们甚至扼杀了政客们最美好的意愿。

We believe that the following factors decide the acceptence of a kind of ideas: First, is the lack of knowledge and the information asymmetry;second, is the individual preferences and the short-term rental maximizing behavior of the dominators; third, is the role of strong interests-groups; fourth, is the constraints of ideas from itsself .

我们认为，以下因素决定了思想的被接受性：一是，知识的缺乏和信息的不对称；二是，统治者的个人偏好和短期租金最大化行为；三是，强势利益集团的作用；四是，思想本身的制约。

Plus, the most important interest group is law enforcers - police and prosecutors.

而且，最重要的利益集团，是执法人员如警察和检察官。

The main factors to restrict realization of the aim of judicial explanation are limitations of explanatory means , inability of judges as principal part of explainers , pressure from groups of interests , lack of independence of justice and judges , no modem rule by law hi ideology and culture of law and effects of public opinion and human relationship ; therefore , the main ways to realize the aim of judicial explanation are to construct team of judges , enhance quality of judges , apply scientific explanatory means , state publicly judicial explanation , analyse reasons for judgement, reform judicial system of court, guarantee independence of judice and judges and cultivate civilian ideology of modem legal culture.

解释方法的局限性、作为解释主体的法官的素质的不适性、利益集团的压力、司法及法官缺乏应有的独立性、法律文化意识非现代法治性以及民意舆论和人情关系的影响是制约司法解释目标实现的主要因素；而建设法官队伍，提高法官的素质、运用科学合理的解释方法、公开表述司法解释，分析判决理由、改革法院司法体制，保障司法和法官的独立以及培育公民现代的法律文化意识是实现司法解释目标的最主要路径。

Instead, as the government's feeble proposals evidence, the entrenched interests have already seen to it that their fiefdoms remain untouched.

相反，正如政府软弱的提案所表明的那样，根深蒂固的利益集团已经在竭力维护自身的领地不受染指。

Special interests can form on the basis of income source, income size, industry, region, or personal characteristics.

特殊利益集团的形成是基于收入来源，收入的规模，行业，地区，还有个人的特征。

Those so called proponents are the lobbyists of interests group, aren't they?

那些所谓的支持者们，不会又是利益集团的说客吧？

Politicians have better excuses than most, being bound by commitments made in outdated manifestos and obliged to reconcile conflicting interests and withstand intrusive media scrutiny.

政客们比大多数人有更好的借口：他们被参选宣言当中不合时宜的承诺限制，不得不协调各种利益集团之间的冲突，还要忍受媒体骚扰式的监督。

The performance of one:"problem officers" and interest groups, sectarian Siamese.

其表现一：&问题官员&与利益集团、宗派连体。

CNN -- As the Olympic torch makes its way westward through London, Paris and San Francisco on its way to Beijing, it has been attracting well-financed, organized protests representing various single-issue groups that normally do not even work together.

CNN--在奥运会的火炬经过伦敦，巴黎和旧金山在向北京前进的路上，它已经吸引各个跟中国过不去的抗议团体，他们有雄厚的资金支持和严密的组织。这些团体各有各的诉求，各自代表各自的利益集团。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。