利益冲突

Because traditional finance subject utmostly canonize the rational selected mode and methodology which keep the form of the financial interest need of the enterprise and its stockholders and the network of their financial relationship out of its analytic area, so liking the mainstream economics, traditional finance subject can not offer trustworthy explains to many financial affairs and can not prescribe the right policy prescription to the important financial problems, either. As a result of the logistic and realistic errors in the traditional mode, it will have an important and practical meaning to bring the new system principle into the analytic area of the financial subject and to develop the financial theory. The main points of this dissertation are as follows: The financial affairs of an enterprise are not the inner actions of the individual firm, but the function of the financial network of stockholders, so we should use the limit of the affairs not the inner property or inner driving force to interpret the financial affairs of an enterprise, we should use the method of circuital analysis not of individual analysis to investigate the financial affairs of an enterprise; The financial affairs of an enterprise is a social behavior, it is involved in the social structure and is restricted by the social structure, so we should care for the social characters, social responsibilities and social effects of the financial affairs of an enterprise; The financial network of stockholders is composed of five phases as follows: the finance of external stockholders, the finance of the operator, the finance of function, the finance of subsection and the finance of the stuff, in which the finance of the operator is dominant; The operational intensity and efficiency of the financial network of stockholders are influenced by technical factor as well as institutional factor, in which institutional factor is the fundamental character of financial affairs. Ultimately the substance of the financial affairs is the arrangement and operation for the financial system by stockholders; The relationship between enterprise and its stockholders is cooperative and conflicting. The important mechanism to solve the financial conflict between stockholders is the construction of the financial system, including the formal and informal system construction. Information and faith are the important mechanism to coordinate the financial conflict between stockholders, so we should pay much attention to the research of formal and informal system.

本文的主要观点是：企业财务行为不是企业个体内部的行为，而是利益相关者财务网络行为，因此应当用对行为的结构限制而不是企业个体的内在属性或内在驱力来解释企业的财务行为，用网络分析的方法而不是个体分析的方法研究企业财务行为；企业财务行为是一种社会行为，它嵌入于社会结构之中，受企业财务所处的社会结构的限定，因此应当关注企业财务行为的社会性质、社会责任和社会后果；利益相关者财务网络内含外部利益相关者财务、经营者财务、职能财务、分部财务和员工财务五个层次，其中经营者财务在其中占据主导地位；利益相关者财务网络的运作强度与运作效率既受技术性因素的影响，又受制度性因素的影响，其中制度性是财务的根本属性，企业财务的实质说到底还是面向利益相关者的一种财务制度性的安排与运作；企业与利益相关者之间以及利益相关者相互之间的财务关系具有合作性与冲突性，化解利益相关者财务冲突的重要机制是财务性的制度建设，包括正式制度建设与非正式制度建设，信息和信任是协调利益相关者财务冲突的重要机制，因此应当高度关注财务的正式和非正式制度的研究。

But in the new hierarchy of interest, people in different interest stratum have different want and interest expectation. This requires that the reform should look for the'parallelogram of the composition of forces'and meet the interest of the majority in the settlement of contradiction and conflict of people's want and interest.

但在新的利益分层结构中，不同利益阶层的人们的需要和利益追求是不同的，改革应在人们的需要和利益的矛盾与冲突中，寻找"平行四边形的合力"，满足最大多数人的利益追求。

So, in this paper double principle-agent model is employed to design the optimum governance structure and mechanism to reduce the agency costs of companies, control the proportion of small shareholders' interest which is seized on by big shareholders,mediate the conflicts between the principles.it aims at realizing the maximal interset of all stockholders.

我国上市公司的多重股权结构的存在使得上市公司中不同类型的股东之间的利益、目标有很大差异甚至冲突，传统的单一委托代理模型对上市公司并不是很适用，所以采用双重委托代理模型更有利于设计最优的治理结构和治理机制，降低代理成本，有效控制控股股东或大股东恶意侵害中小股东利益的程度，缓和委托人之间的目标冲突，尽力实现全体股东的利益最大化。

But because this system also involves to the intense conflict right between the right of work and the Employer\'s right of management,the enterprises\' individual benefits and the social benefit of encouraging human resources flowing and so on,from the beginning to now,The system of POBS has been developed in the challenge and Approval.There is still some challenging voice even today.

但是由于该制度还涉及到劳动权与用人单位经营权之间的激烈冲突、企业个体利益与鼓励人才流动的社会利益的冲突等，竞业禁止制度在产生之初至今就一直在认同与质疑之声中逐步发展与完善，即使在今天仍有不少质疑的声音。

The first section is the outline,which form the angle of evolving history Analyze the meaning of POBS and the relation between the labor POBS and POBS,and from this we can draws out several big basic legal characteristics which the worker competes industry forbids to have; The second section analyzes the intense conflict between the right and benefit which the system of POBS has to face,which is the reason why the POBS is denounced,including the conflict between enterprise right of management and worker right,the enterprise personal interest and the social benefit of encouraging the human resource flowing,Worker general technology and the technique relating business secret,comprehensively realizing the positive and negative effects which come from POBS;The third section comprehensively analysis the rationale of the existence of POBS form the aspects of morals,economic,legal science and so on,and Proves the value of the system of POBS from the angle of Effectively protecting the business secret,order of Market competition,the sustainable development of economical technical,and establishes the system\'s validity.The second part,using comparative and analysis methods,embarking from the two situations of on-job POBS and quit-job POBS,take British,American,German,France\'s related law competes as the example to elaborate economically advanced country\'s system of POBS,and carry on the comprehensive elaboration about present situation of our country\'s system of POBS.

第一小节是概述，此节首先从历史演变的角度剖析了竞业禁止的含义以及(来源：ABC53论文8e网www.abclunwen.com)劳动者竞业禁止与竞业禁止的关系，由此引出劳动者竞业禁止所具有的几大基本法律特征；第二小节则详细地剖析了劳动者竞业禁止制度必须面临的权利与利益的激烈冲突，这也是这一制度为人所诟病的原因，包括企业经营权与劳动者劳动权之间的冲突、企业个人利益与鼓励人才流动的社会利益的冲突、劳动者一般技术与和商业秘密相关技术的冲突，全面认识了劳动者竞业禁止制度有可能带来的正面与负面的效应；第三小节从道德、经济学、法学等方面全面分析了劳动者竞业禁止制度存在的理论基础，并从有效保护商业秘密、维护市场竞争秩序、有利于经济技术的可持续发展的角度论证了竞业禁止存在的制度价值，确立了劳动者竞业禁止制度的正当性。

With flourishes of all kinds of profitable businesses in tourist attractions, the underlying interests have been floating on the surface, but problems regarding multi-stakeholders have also emerged, for example, neglecting the community interest demands, little interest from the local tourism development; supervision absent in protections of resources and environment; unorderly constructions in low class, sight pollution and so on; In the course of profit production in a scenic spot, conflicts frequently occur among government, investors, community residents, tourists, and the essential cause of those conflicts lies in interest-distribution imbalance.

随着旅游景区的各种盈利性经营活动的日益兴起，使得景区的潜在商业价值日益凸显，利益相关者的多元化问题也日益突出，隐藏着的利益矛盾和冲突也逐渐激化凸显出来，如社区居民利益需求的忽视，从旅游发展中获益有限；景区资源与环境保护及监督不力；杂乱、低水平的建筑及景观污染等。在景区创收过程中涉及到的政府部门、投资者、社区居民、旅游者等利益相关者之间的冲突和矛盾频频发生，这些冲突实质是各方利益相关者间利益分配的不平衡，体现了他们的利益关系的冲突。

The paper coalesces these three theories and posits three assumptions to the determinants of subsistence of NATO after the Cold War, that is: 1, The U.S.A as a superpower around the world is the leader of the alliance. The development of NATO accords with American interests. The U.S.A supports the existence of NATO. 2, The alliance furnished the members with mutual security interests and their different needs of self-interests. Most of the leaguers identify with NATO's status and function toward European security. 3, Each of the members has its specific national interests goals. The conformity of their crucial aims affects the situation of stability and development of the alliance. It will be a positive effect to the alliance when they are accorded and it will be a negative one when they are diverged.

本文结合了这几个主要流派在联盟理论方面的卓越部分，在此基础上，对北约联盟在冷战后存续的决定性因素作出了自己的理论假说并对其进行了论证，即：1、美国这个超级大国是北约的主导国，北约的继续发展符合美国利益，美国支持北约的存续；2、北约组织为其成员国提供了可以分享的共同安全利益以及各自不同的利益需求，其绝大多数成员国认同该联盟在欧洲安全中所扮演的的角色及其地位和作用；3、北约各成员国各自特殊利益目标的一致性与否影响北约的存续，即，当成员国特殊利益目标一致时，其行动方向一致，对北约的存续产生正面作用；当不一致或发生冲突时，其行动方向歧异，对北约的发展产生负面作用。

Years of compromise and careful planning defined the enormous Muskwa-Kechika Management Area here, where competing interests—from miners to outfitters, preservationists, and native peoples—coexist in delicate balance.

庞大的马斯夸-科奇卡管理区经多年协商和仔细规划后最终在此确立，在这里各方利益——从矿工到旅游开发商、保护主义者及当地居民的利益——相冲突，而这种冲突又处于一种微妙的平衡之中。

At this stage the strongest bond among new suburbanites may be their status as property owners-a link that brought residents together last year to fight the proposed extension of a high-speed railway.

唯有当人们在遇到共同的利益冲突时才会团结在一起，去年这里的居民联合起来抵制高速铁路扩张到此。

Anyway, traditionalists argue, America is already dealing with the problem of conflicts of interest in its own way.

传统主义者认为，不管怎样，美国有自己的一套以解决利益冲突。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。