利率

It carries a thorough discussion of the realistic significance and profound influence which caused to the Chinese monetary market of the interest rate swap. The article believes that the interest rate swap will provide a effective way of financing for Our Enterprise, speeds up the development of our commercial banks, meets the demand of interest rate swap on bond market, has positive influence to our interest rate reform. Secondly, this chapter discussed the restriction factor and the countermeasure of interest rate swap from the aspects of money market interest rate index, the fluidity and the market access.

它首先对我国发展利率互换所具有的现实内涵、推出利率互换对中国金融市场产生的深远影响进行了比较深入的探讨，文章认为利率互换可以为我国企业提供了一种有效的融资方式、有利于我国商业银行更好地发展、满足债券市场对利率互换的需求并将进一步促进我国的利率市场化；其次，结合我国的实际情况从利率互换工具本身、交易主体和宏观环境三个方面，探讨了我国开展人民币利率互换后的风险防范问题；最后，本章还从货币市场利率指数问题、流动性问题、市场准入问题等几个方面探讨了我国利率互换市场发展的制约因素及对策。

In Chapter 4, the pricing of Asian geometric average option under stochastic interest rates is studied, assuming CIR model for the interest rates. Asian option is strongly dependent with path, usually have a long duration, the movement of interest rates becomes more important in pricing such long-dated options. The CIR interest rate model not only considered the interest rate behavior has mean-reverting but also take into account that the fluctuation rate is direct proportion with the square root of its interest rate. Finally, the method of finite difference for the Asian geometric average option under CIR interest rate model is given.

第四章在利率满足CIR利率模型的假设下，研究了几何亚式期权的定价公式，亚式期权是强路经依赖性期权，通常有效期较长，在进行较长时期的投资时，利率的变化是非常重要的，CIR利率模型不仅考虑了利率行为具有均数回归的现象，而且还考虑其波动性的大小与利率大小的平方根成正比，最后给出了CIR利率模型下的几何亚式期权定价的有限差分法。

My current benchmark interest rate in response to the problems and choices reasons for this loan interest rates, rediscount rate, the bond repurchase rate, the benchmark interest rate of treasury bonds was conducted to explore and functional analysis of specific comparison of their respective advantages and disadvantages.

针对我国现阶段在基准利率选择方面存在的问题及原因，依据基准利率选择具体原则和标准。本文对我国现有货币市场上的同业拆借利率、再贴现利率，债券回购利率、国债利率的基准性功能依次进行了探讨与分析，具体的比较了它们各自的优缺点。

China's interest rate from the current system, the market interest rates (such as money market, bond market interest rates) is clearly not in the list of interest rates; in direct control of the central bank's interest rate system, the re-lending and rediscount rate has not been very effective, because it few years the flow of adequate financial institutions makes little to rely on central bank loans and discount, and improve the reserve interest rate system with the reform of the general direction of inconsistency; Therefore, interest rates can only increase deposit rates or lending rates, both interest rates are in the current control and semi-control of interest rates.

中国的利率从目前的制度，市场利率（如货币市场，债券市场利率）显然不在列表中，利息直接控制的中央银行的利率制度，再贷款和再贴现率并不十分有效，因为这几年充足的流动金融机构几乎没有什么依靠中央银行贷款和贴现，提高准备金利率制度改革的总体方向不一致，因此，利率可只有增加存款利率或贷款利率，无论利率在目前的管制和半管制的利率。

The author puts up comparative analysis on the rediscount rates, deposit rates, interest rates of treasury, lending rates, inter-bank lending rates, etc between China and U.S..

作者对中美的再贴现利率、存款利率和国库券利率、两国的贷款利率、银行间拆借利率分成三部分进行了实证比较分析，并着重以存款利率和国债利率为例，对两国的利率期限结构进行了比较。

Treasury bond market, the interest- rate- transmission-effect-testing model has significant parameter estimation, displaying undeclinable influence of monetary policy on interest rate latent factors, negative effect on output and inflation, positive effect on short-term interest rate, and negative effect on long-term interest rate due to inflation expectation decreasing under positive shock of monetary policy.

对于美国为代表的成熟金融市场，利率效应检验的利率期限结构模型参数估计具有高显著性，货币政策对利率潜在因素的影响无法忽略，对产出和通货膨胀都产生负效应，对短期利率产生正向影响、对长期利率则产生负向影响——因为货币政策正冲击显示了货币当局对通货膨胀率的调控态度，长期利率会因预期通货膨胀的下滑而降低。

The steps of the reform: First, pushing forward the local and overseas places to gather together interest rate liberalization at first; Second, relaxing RMB interest rate control and strengthening money market construction reform; Third, formation of the national market interest rate system under bank with Central Bank reloan interest rate, money market interest rate, secondary market of national debt interest rate,etc.

改革的步骤：一是首先推进境内外汇利率市场化；二是以放松人民币利率管制和加强货币市场建设作为利率市场化改革重点；三是逐渐形成一个以中央银行再贷款利率、货币市场利率、国债二级市场利率等分布合理的银行间市场利率体系。

Because of the real interest rate and the natural interest rate both being difficult measured, in order to simplifying the question of measuring and advantaging demonstration research and policy made , therefore we adopted the Real Interest Rate Gap as the economic variable measuring.

这里的实际利率指的是实际的市场利率，也就是由名义利率和复杂的可能有预期也可能没有预期的通货膨胀所调整后，真正决定个体行为者任何决策的利率；自然实际利率指的是维克塞尔所定义的自然利率。

Therefore, the depository interest rate, rediscounting rate and government bond interest rat cannot be set as the benchmark interest rate. In fact, most of the scholars support the inter-bank offered rate and the repo rate as the benchmark.

指出与美国的利率结构相比较，我国市场利率结构突出的两个特点：一是国债利率高于存款利率，二是再贴现利率并未处于利率体系的底端，且高于存款利率，风险与收益不匹配，所以存款利率、再贴现利率、国债利率不适合作为基准利率。

On this basis, the interest rate on the existing loan and bond repurchase rate by a further comparative analysis, the final conclusion, repurchasing rate is the benchmark interest rate at the best choice.

在此基础之上，对现有基准利率；货币市场；同业拆借利率；回购利率的同业拆借利率和债券回购利率进行了进一步的比较分析，最后得出结论，债券回购利率是我国现阶段基准利率的最佳选择。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。