利润边际

Because price exceeds marginal cost, an extra unit sold at the posted price means more profit for the monopolistically competitive firm.

因为垄断竞争企业的价格高于其边际成本，成本，以牌价多销售出一个单位产品就意味着利润多了。

A more durable model for less privileged companies would involve more higher-margin activities, based on innovation and higher quality, with their home-grown brands to the fore.

对于没有多少特权的公司来说，更长久的经济模型应该是首先考虑培养本土品牌，发展更多基于创新和高品质的高边际利润的经济活动。

We construct a Salop model to analyze three conditions: no-fee, foreign fee, and surcharge. Our meaningful conclusions mainly are: When the interchange fee is equal to ATM's marginal cost, the bank's profit could be maximized; for pure ATM businesses, foreign fee is strategy-substitutable and surcharge is strategy-complementary; for banking competition, foreign fee is strategy-complementary and surcharge is strategy-substitutable.Keywords: ATM, foreign fee, surchargeJEL Number:

本文以Salop环形城市模型分析了跨行取款不收费制、跨行费制、额外费制下银行在ATM业务上的成本收益情况，本文有意义的结论主要有：当交换费等于ATM的边际成本时，两种费制都会使银行达到利润最大化；在纯粹ATM业务上，跨行费是战略替代的，额外费是战略互补的；在银行竞争上，跨行费是战略互补的，额外费是战略替代的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。