判决上的

Since Athena was born without a mother -- sprung from her father's head -- she decided in an important murder trial, that the role of the mother was less essential in creation than the role of the father and for this reason, she sided with the matricide Orestes who had kiled his mother Clytemnestra after she had killed her husband and his father Agamemnon.

由于雅典娜并不是由她的母亲剩下来的（她是直接从他父亲的头颅中跳出来的），她在判决一场重要的谋杀案时认为在生儿育女上，父亲的作用比母亲的更重要。因此她站在了杀害亲生母亲克吕泰涅斯特拉的俄瑞斯特斯的一边。俄瑞斯特斯在克吕泰涅斯特拉杀害了她的丈夫和他的父亲后，亲手杀死了自己的母亲。

Firstly,this chapter explains the concept and meaning ofissue preclusion.Secondly,it introduces the cases admitting issue preclusion,which were heldby the lower court of Japan,explains the functions of issue preclusion,its relations with resjudicata,which was limited in the body of the judgement and similarity,and difference betweenissue preclusion and res judicata.

先说明在解释论上，争点效的概念与意义，次就日本下级审承认争点效的判决加以介绍，并说明争点效的机能，论述其与既判力的限定于主文中判断的关系，及说明争点效与既判力的异同。

With her mind harassed by the terrible perplexity in which the shipmaster's intelligence involved her, she was also subjected to another trial.

就在海丝特站在那耻辱的魔圈中，似乎被对她作出的狡诈而残忍的判决永远钉住了的时候，那位令人赞美的牧师正在从那神圣的祭坛上俯视他的听众，他们最内在的精神已经完全被他攫住了。

Defining the problem. Firstly, two important concepts------judicialreasoning and the explanation of law ------are introduced. After that,law-applying process is examined by way of syllogistic argument. Hence, the work of this paper is determined: to analyze the law-applying process on 3 phrases cognizanting of the facts, interpreting of law and making judicial judgment; to define the mission of Logic concerning the difficulties of AI in Law System, and therefore to introduce my understanding of the main task of logic in 21st Century: problematic reasoning.

首先解释了本文所使用的两个重要概念：法律推理和法律解释，而后以三段论的方式考察了法律适用的过程，最后说明本文所要作的工作：在事实认定，法律解释，司法判决三个阶段上以逻辑的手段分析法律适用是如何进行的；逻辑和法律的新的契合点——人工智能法律系统所面临的困境给逻辑学规定了什么样的任务，并由此提出我所理解的逻辑学在21世纪的研究重点：或然性推理。

In proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt, plea of setoff should be permitted, and in procedure of second instance and procedure for enforcement, permission of setoff should depend on specific case. Alleger of setoff bears the burden of proof.

所以，就我国民事诉讼而言，立法上应当在加强当事人的程序保障之前提下，对判决的既判力问题作出明确的规定，同时，对抵销抗辩的既判力亦作出合理的界定，实务中则应当改变以往那种忽视既判力的思想和行为。

A mass of incomprehensible original data is extracted and inferred into meaningful and consultable data to some certain users. meanwhile, by network information processing, the data transmission account and latency are decreased; the energy efficiency and data accuracy are increased.

传感器网络的网内信息处理技术在原始采集数据的基础上，将大量的信息处理和计算移植到传感网内部进行，从海量的、杂乱无章的、难以理解的原始数据中抽取并推导出对于某些特定的用户来说具有特定意义和判决参考价值的数据。

Network information processing transfers the majority of processing and computing works into WSN based on original data collection. A mass of incomprehensible original data is extracted and inferred into meaningful and consultable data to some certain users. Meanwhile, by network information processing, the data transmission account and latency are decreased; the energy efficiency and data accuracy are increased.

传感器网络的网内信息处理技术在原始采集数据的基础上，将大量的信息处理和计算移植到传感网内部进行，从海量的、杂乱无章的、难以理解的原始数据中抽取并推导出对于某些特定的用户来说具有特定意义和判决参考价值的数据。

Secondly, the jurisprudence basis of shareholder action right, which included in SDA, is researched from the perspective of substantial and procedural law. Upon the basis of comparison on corporate law of different countries, the third party does the research on the subject of SDA, the precondition of SDA, the jurisdiction of SDA, the determination of filing fee, the security for litigation fee provided by defendant, the judiciary inspection of SDA, plaintiff's right of claim and liability of compensation under the circumstances of case wining or losing, the res judicate of judgment, compensation of SDA, period of litigation and whatsoever.

在对各国公司法进行了比较研究的基础上，研究了股东派生诉讼的诉讼主体、股东提起派生诉讼的前提条件、股东派生诉讼的管辖权、案件受理费的确定及被告诉讼费用的担保、股东派生诉讼的司法审查、原告股东胜诉时的请求权及败诉时应承担的赔偿责任、股东派生诉讼判决的既判力、股东派生诉讼的赔偿及其诉讼时效期间等问题。

Secondly, the jurisprudence basis of shareholder action right, which included in SDA, is researched from the perspective of substantial and procedural law. Upon the basis of comparison on corporate law of different countries, the third party does the research on the subject of SDA, the precondition of SDA, the jurisdiction of SDA, the determination of filing fee, the security for litigation fee provided by defendant, the judiciary inspection of SDA, plaintiffs right of claim and liability of compensation under the circumstances of case wining or losing, the res judicate of judgment, compensation of SDA, period of litigation and whatsoever.

在对各国公司法进行了比较研究的基础上，研究了股东派生诉讼的诉讼主体、股东提起派生诉讼的前提条件、股东派生诉讼的管辖权、案件受理费的确定及被告诉讼费用的担保、股东派生诉讼的司法审查、原告股东胜诉时的请求权及败诉时应承担的赔偿责任、股东派生诉讼判决的既判力、股东派生诉讼的赔偿及其诉讼时效期间等问题。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷