判例

The supreme court should change itscustomary mode of issuing norm and abstractive interpretation,and exploring the approach ofdirect creation and indirectacknowledgment to interpret the criminal law inapplication.

最高法院应当改变发布规范性、抽象性释文的习惯做法，探索通过直接制作和间接确认刑事判例的双重路径进行适用解释。

Section three introduces subjective-preparatively incorporative litigation as onespecial type of joint action, which is applicable to the condition that the litigant has noway to assure who should be classified into the plaintiff or the defendant, so makesthe parties preparative incorporation for acquiring recover judgment.

对于此种诉讼形态，肯定说和否定说均有之，可谓种类繁多，而在日本和我国台湾地区，也有不同的判例存在。

In our history, jurisprudence as an important legal forms, has played an important role.

在我国历史上，判例作为一种重要的法律形式，曾经发挥了重要的作用。

It involves jurisprudence, or administrative or business management.

它涉及的判例，或行政或业务管理。

Modern trust system is the British one of the world's major contribution to jurisprudence.

现代信托制度是英国是世界上主要的贡献判例。

In the Civil Law Family,the collateral guarantor'srights of defense mainly are related to the invalidity of the underlying contract,the revocability of the underlying contract,the right of offset,the concurrentconditions,"Einrede der Unsicherkei",the invalidity of the guarantee contract.the period of validity,the special terms of immunity from the guarantor's liabilityand beneficiam excussionis.Under the case law of the Common Law Family,thesituations in which the collateral guarantor can claim the rights of defense mainlyinclude the situation of non-fulfillment of the guarantee condition,the situationrelated to the extent of guarantor's liability,the situation under which the creditordidn't perform his obligations,the situation related to the appropriation ofpayments,the situations related to fulfillment of purpose of guarantee,thesituation related to the creditor's laches,the situation related to the loss ofsecurities held by the creditor,the situation related to the discharge of theprincipal debtor,the situation related to the creditor connivance in the default ofthe principal,the situation related to the discharge arising by operation of law andthe situation related to the fiduciary duty.

大陆法系中，从属保证人对债权人的抗辩权主要有：主债务无效抗辩权、主债务可撤销抗辩权、抵销抗辩权、同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、保证合同无效抗辩权、保证期间抗辩权、特殊免责抗辩权以及先诉抗辩权等；根据英美法系国家的判例法，从属保证人能够主张抗辩权的情形主要有：保证责任条件不成就的抗辩、关于保证责任范围的抗辩、债权人不履行义务的抗辩、关于债务清偿分配的抗辩、保证目的已实现的抗辩、关于债权人懈怠的抗辩、关于债权人享有的担保权益丧失的抗辩、债务人的债务免除抗辩、债权人对债务人违约纵容的抗辩、法律适用导致保证责任解除的抗辩、就信托义务原则提出的抗辩。

In order to evade effectively the lavishment of social costs and resources, which GMOs' international trade and its government management could produce, the author reviews the objective influence factors before planning the strategy, policies and rules of GMOs' international trade in China.

笔者认为，设计、完善转基因农产品国际贸易的制度框架应该从以下几个方面入手：形成明确的管理目标；寻求机构的不同优势；改革世界贸易组织和《国际植物保护公约》的判例法规则；建立以产业为基础的管理模型；解决争端的双边谈判。

This is not only because of limitations of a statute law but also application of a case can promote achievement of the justice principle of form quality,which accords with the law of inertia.

这不仅是因为制定法具有局限性。而且判例的适用能够促进形式品质的正义原则的实现，符合惯性原理。

A citation normally provides the names of the leading parties involved in the case.

引用通常提供了判例中有关主要几方的姓名。

A leading case holds that commercial information is "confidential" within the meaning of this clause if its disclosure would be likely (1) to impair the Government's ability to obtain necessary information in the future

"一个主要判例裁定，依照该条款，商业信息是"机密"性的，如果披露，将有可能"1）破坏政府将来取得必要信息的能力

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。