判例

The thesis will begin with the introduction of counterpart of English judicial review. According to the unscramble of counterpart prejudication in the history of Britain, I will abstract the logic category of "administrative discretion------the principle of reasonableness", and based on the logic category, I will point out that if want to justify the review of court on the administrative discretion such as "misuse of authority"and "apparently inequitable administrative punishment", we must induct the principle of reasonableness. And based on the material of concrete cases, I will analyze that there still are states of unreasonable execution of administrative discretion in the rest representations of unlawfulness in the 54th provision of our statute law of administrative litigation.

本文首先考察英国合理性审查原则的相关制度，通过解读英国历史上重要相关判例，提炼出"行政裁量权——合理性审查原则"这一逻辑规范范畴，并以此范畴为切入视角，指出，要在理论上正当化法院对"滥用职权"和"显失公正行政处罚"等行政裁量权的司法审查，必须引入合理性审查原则，并以具体案例为材料，通过分析得出，在《行政诉讼法》第54 条的其他违法表现形式中，都有行政裁量权不合理行使的情形存在，并指出，产生这种现象的原因是，《行政诉讼法》第54 条规定的七种违法表现形式采取的是不同的分类标准。

The range of application of the abstract provisions in a civil code is much larger than the pigeonhole system of anglo-american case law.it must be borne in mind,however,that behind the screen of the general terms of a civil code the courts develop a bulk of so-called case law that in many ways resembles its counterpart in the common law.although the means by which a certain solution to a legal problem is reached may be strikingly different,the results tend to be very much the same under common-law and civil influence.

适用范围的抽象规定，在一部民法典是远大于扣压制度的英美案例law.it必须紧记，不过，这背后的屏幕上的一般条款，一部民法典法院发展散装的，所以所谓的判例法在许多方面相似，其对应在共同law.although手段，其中某一方案的一个法律问题是达成的，可突出不同，但结果往往是极为相似的共同下-法律和民间的影响力。

After the World War 2, the cause of the Nanking Massacre become a example of judgment of the America-dominated international court, this court and the Nanking military court that China adjudge Japanese war criminal determine the nature of the cause and verdict it.

二战结束后，南京大屠杀案成为在美国主导下的远东国际军事法庭审判的判例，该法庭和中国审判日本战犯南京军事法庭对南京大屠杀案进行了定性定论。

The orientation of the constraint of criminal prejudication is one of the main problems in Chinese criminal prejudication system.

刑事判例拘束力的定位是困扰我国刑事判例制度建构的一个主要问题。

There are still some shortcomings in the prejudication laws in our country ,they are:the forms of prejudication is not consistent,the manipulating skills are not very mature

我国目前在实行判例法制度时存在的问题是：一是判例形式不够统一，制作技术尚欠成熟

Again, civil law and common law tend to integrate with each other, and many countries have adopted the system of prejudication, and countries implementing common law have established the corresponding rules of law.

其次，我国古代有使用判例制度的先例，我们去除了很多古代的糟粕，因为其阻止了国家的发展脚步，但是，作为精华的判例制度能很好的弥补我国法律制度的缺点，我们不该割舍的。

Above all, we are supposed to introduce prejudication system, and follow the civil law as the principal axis, the system of jurisprudence for the axis of relations between the two legal systems coexist, so that they can get a total of habitat in China, thus to form the legal system with Chinese characteristics.

综上所述，我们应该引进判例制度，要遵循以大陆法系为主轴，以判例制度为次轴的两种法系并存关系，使它们能在中国得到共栖，从而形成具有中国特色的法律制度。

P recedent law only exists in the countries in which common-law system exists ,There are not the social conditions inChina which the precedent law needs.

我国目前既不具备实行判例法的条件，也没有实行判例法的必要，但有必要借鉴德国的做法改革我们的司法解释制度。

And precedents in legal system of American constitutional protection of private properties are very huge, while the author has only selected some typical precedents, so it is very possible that the conclusion drawing from these precedents are perjuring or vague.

美国私有财产权宪法保护法律体系中的判例庞杂浩瀚，论文只选择了其中较少的典型判例，由此得出的结论尚不能完全排除以偏概全的可能。

Most fields of private law still consist primarily of case law and the extensive and steadily growing statutory law continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law.

私法领域基本以判例法为主导，以制定法为补充。虽然制定法的数量日益增加，但仍然用判例对其进行具体地解释。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。