判例

The bulk of American contract law is judge-made case law.

大量的美国合同法是以判例法的形式存在的。

The bulk of American contract law is judge-made case law.

大部分美国合同法是法官制定的判例法。

The bulk of American contract law is judge-made case law.

美洲合同法大部分是由法官作出的判例法。

"Case law" describes the entire body of judge-made law and today includes common law and equity precedents.

&判例法&是法官造法的总称。目前，包括普通法、衡平法先例。

The bulk of American contract law is judge-made case law. Special areas of contract law such as labor law and insurance law have been partially codified, but even in these areas the primary source of applicable legal principles are found in the written opinions of the courts.

美国合同法的大部分是由法官创制的判例法，特殊领域的合同法例如劳动法和保险法已被部分的编撰，但即使在这些领域，可适用的法律原则的基本渊源是在法院的书面意见中找到的。

Law students and lawyers from non-Anglo-American countries learn that Anglo-American can law is "case "law or "judge-made law "That 's true to an extent , but in reality a significant portion of the law of the United States is codified Of course , it is true that in some cases no statutory or constitutional provisions will apply .

来自非英美国家的法律专业学生和律师都知道，英美法是&判例法&或者是&法官制定的法&。这在一定程度上来说是对对的。但是事实上美国法律也有一大部分是以成文法的形式存在的。当然，在一些案例中确实没有成文法或者宪法条文可以被适用。

We should take action as follows: lawmaking link with judge-made law and insist on principia such as procedural justice, make a difference between close company and public company, equal protection and national treatment.

我们未来的股东诉讼制度应走立法先行引导司法、与判例法结合的路子，坚持程序正义、平等保护、区分有限责任公司和股份有限公司并予以不同规制以及国民待遇的原则。

In several cases of elderly people who refused to be treated in life-threatening situations, Israeli case law established some criteria to enable individuals to plan for their last stages of life? Although the judge-made law was liberal and in all cases declared the rights of the patients to refuse medical treatment, the scope of the decisions was narrow and limited.

在一些案例中，老年人在病势危重的情况下拒绝接受治疗，以色列的判例法也制订了一些原则来保障个人有权对自己的晚年作出安排，尽管法官制订的法律已属开明，并在所有案例中都声明患者享有拒绝治疗之权利，但个人的决定权仍有很大的局限性。

In several cases of elderly people who refused to be treated in life-threatening situatio , Israeli case law established some criteria to enable individuals to plan for their last stages of life? Although the judge-made law was liberal and in all cases declared the rights of the patients to refuse medical treatment, the scope of the decisio was narrow and limited.

在一些案例中，老年人在病势危重的情况下拒绝接受治疗，以色列的判例法也制订了一些原则来保障个人有权对自己的晚年作出安排，尽管法官制订的法律已属开明，并在所有案例中都声明患者享有拒绝治疗之权利，但个人的决定权仍有很大的局限性。

So, detailed legislative provisions of the "interpretation" on how to apply a law or how to apply a law to a particular kind of cases or issues are as same as the legislative "regulation" aiming at legislative blank are actually lawmaking, and the Supreme People's Court should not do them; reform judicial interpretation of "reply" and make it be apt to legal comprehension and application; absorb judge-made law reasonable factors and endow the typical cases of the Supreme People's Court with judicial interpretative effect.

因此，对某一法律或者对某一类案件、某一类问题如何适用法律的立法条文式的细化性&解释&和针对立法空白直接做出的立法性&规定&，其实质仍是一种立法活动，最高人民法院应当取消；改革&批复&形式的司法解释，使之更倾向于对法律的理解与适用，而不是案件结果的处理；吸收判例法的合理因素，赋予最高人民法院的典型案例以司法解释的效力。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。