初波

Compared with the initial value problems of scalar conservation laws with smooth flux function, the global weak entropy solutions for the initial-boundary value problems of scalar conservation laws with weak discontinuous flux function include the following new interaction types: a rarefaction wave collides with the boundary and is absorbed compltetely or partially by the boundary; a rarefaction wave collides with the boundary and the boundary will reflect a contact or non-contact shock wave; a contact or non-contact shock wave collides with the boundary and is absorbed by the boundary; a contact or non-contact shock wave collides with the boundary and a new non-contact shock will rebound from the boundary simultaneously or later.

与具有光滑流函数的单个守恒律的初始值问题相比，具有弱间断流函数的单个守恒律初边值问题的整体弱熵解中包括下列新的相互作用类型：稀疏波碰到边界并被边界部分或全部吸收；稀疏波与边界相撞，边界反射出一个接触或非接触激波；接触或非接触激波碰到边界并被边界吸收；接触或非接触激波与边界相撞，边界同时或稍后反射出一个新的非接触激波。

By solving the frequency equation,the relationship between initial stress and phase velocity is obtained.

通过求解考虑初应力时的耦合波动方程，得到了管道壁中应力波传播时相速度和初应力的关系，并进行了实例计算。

In the computation of aerodynamic forces, the present work is based on the work of Morino et al., but the following aspects are improved:(1) In computing the steady transonic aerodynamic load, the steady transonic nonlinear integral equation is solved by relaxation-iteration method in this thesis, instead of solving the time dependent transonic nonlinear integral equation, so that the computing time is saved greatly;(2) The influence coeifficients represented by volume integral are transformed to surface integral by using the Gaussian Theorem, so the analytical form of these coeifficients can be obtained and this leads to be more convenient to analyse and compile computer program;(3) The shock capturing method is used in every time step in present work, no shock moving term is added in the integral equation, so that it is more convenient and simpler to treat.

在气动力计算方面，本文基于Morino等人的工作，作了如下几方面的改进：（1）在计算定常跨音速流场（作为非定常绕流计算的初场）时，本文采用松驰迭代法直接求解跨音速定常非线性积分方程，而不是采用时间相关法求解非定常非线性积分方程，这样大大节省了计算机时；（2）将以体积分形式出现的影响系数化为面积分，并获得解析公式，这样便于分析和编写程序；（3）对运动的激波，本文通过在每一个时间步长上采用激波捕捉法而得到，而不是在积分方程中附加激波运动项，因而处理起来简单方便得多。

Also called compressional wave, longitudinal wave, primary wave, pressure wave, dilatational wave, and irrotational wave.

也可称为压缩波，纵波，初至波，压力波，疏密波，无旋波等。

Xi ′ an Jiaotong University, Xi ′ an 710049, ChinaAbstract : Propagation of generalized Rayleigh wave in a layered piezoelectric structure with initial stress is investigated. It involves a thin elastic layer bonded perfectly to a piezoelectric elastic substrate.

摘 要：通过求解考虑初应力时的耦合波动方程，研究了覆盖层为各向同性材料、基底为横观各向同性压电材料的压电层状结构中广义Rayleigh波传播时初应力和相速度的关系。

Considering the specialty of first break, this paper discussed edge detection and spline interpolation used for first break picking.

为此，从初至波的特点出发，提出了单道数据边界检测和样条插值相结合进行初至波自动拾取的方法。

Human origins the study of light early, but the understanding of the nature of light has gone through a more lengthy process, the light is actually the wave or the granule, the struggle of the light wave theory and the micellar theory started from the early 17th century,and comes to an end by the light wave-particle duality to the early 20th century.

人类对光的研究起源很早，但对光的本质认识经历了一个较漫长的过程，光究竟是波还是粒子，光的波动说和粒子学说之争从17世纪初开始，至20世纪初以光的波粒二象性告终。

The results show that with the sea level rise, amphidromic point in this sea area tends to move to the southeast, and then coastal tidal ranges change present consequently different features ,that is,at the left side and bayhead coast near the amphidromic point they change evidently, and little at the right side and bayhead coast far away from amphidromic point.

将南黄海概化为一等深矩形海疆，初阶研究了在海平面上升3m 和 5m 前提下该海疆扭转潮波体系的演化趋势，继而剖析了沿岸潮差厘革特性。初阶分析研究剖明：跟着海平面上升，该海疆 M2 分潮的无潮点有向东南标的目的偏移的趋势，受此影响，沿岸潮差泛起差此外厘革特性，接近无潮点的左侧及湾顶海岸厘革较着，而阔别无潮点的右侧及湾顶海岸则厘革不年夜。

However, various methods are used to suppress surface waves from shooting to receiving in the process of seismic survey, thus research should be carried out in the following aspects:① joint inversion with surface wave, refraction first break and microlog data;② offset range and the relation between group interval and surface resolution suitable for use in surface wave analysis;③ the influences of lateral relief of array on propagation of surface waves;④ method for Hi-Fi purification of surface wave signals;⑤ method for extracting dispersive curve through time-frequency analysis;⑥ forward modeling and in-version methods of surface wave in view of three-layer structure.

但石油勘探从激发到接收，都采取各种方式来压制面波，因而需要开展多方面的研究：①结合面波、折射初至波和微测井信息的联合反演；②地震记录中适合面波分析的炮检距范围、道间距与表层分辨率的关系；③排列横向地形起伏变化对面波传播规律的影响；④高保真提纯面波信号的方法；⑤运用时频分析提取频散曲线的方法；⑥针对三层结构的面波正反演方法。

The parametrically excited and forcedly-parametrically excited equations of ship rolling in longitudinal and oblique seas are established.

主要研究内容和结论如下：考虑波面形状引起的船舶初稳性高的变化，假设升沉和纵摇满足准静力平衡，提出了纵浪和斜浪中初稳性高波动项的计算方法。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。