初步地

Based on the Saint-venant equations describing the channel flow movement, the nonlinear algebraic equations derived by the use of Preissmann weighted implicit four-point scheme are solved with the Netwon-Raphson method. A combined Gauss main-element elimination method with compress-storage technique is proposed. The relaxation iterative method for solving branch river networks is extended, which can turn the problem of any complex river networks into the problem of a series of single rivers. The coupling of hydraulic model with water quality model is built up. The combined model was applied to a large complicated river networks with numerical hydraulic structure which influenced by strong tide, storm and heave rain. Visualization of computational results is realized by means of MapInfo, which displays the computational results in fast, convenient and accurate way.

水力模型以描述河道洪水波运动的Saint-Venant方程组为基础，用Newton-Raphson方法直接求解按Preissmann加权四点格式进行离散所得的非线性代数方程组，提出了压缩存贮形式的Gauss列主元消去法并对数值解的收敛性进行了讨论；将支流流量的松弛迭代方法从树状河系推广到了环状河网，使任意复杂河网水力计算的问题都可化为一系列的单一河道的水力计算问题；建立了水力模型与水质模型的联接，初步应用于既有洪水、暴雨、强潮等综合影响，又存在多种水工建筑物及水力调度问题的大型复杂河网中的非恒定流水力、水质计算问题；利用MapInfo对计算结果的可视化进行了研究，有利于决策者快速、方便、准确地作出决策。

The developing process about establish the model of earth surface and several classical methods, which are the methods of radiative transfer, geometric optics, hybrids of two or more of these, and numerical simulation are discussed in detail.

较详细地论述了建立地物散射模型的发展情况和几种典型方法：辐射传输方法、几何光学方法、复合模型方法以及数值模拟方法等，初步研究了适用于植被、土壤、沙漠等环境背景的双向反射分布函数模型。

Initial treatments of OK-432 sclerotherapy to the cervical lesions at ages 2 and 3 years, and subsequent keyhole wedge glossectomy at age 4 years successfully eliminated the danger of airway obstruction and the need for tracheostomy.

在2、3岁时的初步治疗，是针对颈部病灶使用OK-432硬化疗法，之后於4岁时进行锁眼楔形舌切除，成功地排除呼吸道阻塞的危险及气管造口术之需求。

Results indicate that:(1) by using HANTS, the researchers could get the EVI/NDVI harmonic curves, the mean VIs and the amplitude of the harmonics which then were utilized in the identification of the cultivated land, and EVI appeared to be more precise, with the overall accuracies of 97.17% and 95.99% and Kappa coefficients of 0.7938 and 0.6518, respectively.(2) Multiple cropping index was extracted by counting the number of the curve's peak; and when the threshold of the peak value of the NDVI and EVI curves were set as 0.25 and 0.20, respectively, the fallow land could be well figured out.(3) From harmonic curves, some eigenvalues, such as time of the maximum growth rate, time of peak and the value of peak can be extracted, based on which the crop types can be primarily distinguished. And EVI still performed better than NDVI in this section.

结果显示：（1）利用傅立叶谐波变换得到的EVI和NDVI时间谱曲线的谐波余项及谐波振幅对耕地进行识别，从识别精度来看，EVI要优于NDVI，识别精度分别为97.17%和 95.99%，Kappa系数分别达到0.7938和0.6518；（2）通过计算时间序列曲线的波峰数能够提取耕地的复种指数，并且在EVI和NDVI曲线波峰阈值分别设为0.20和0.25时，休耕地能较为准确地被识别出来；（3）通过提取作物生长期内曲线的VI最大增长速率时间点以及峰值时间点等信息，作物种类能被初步识别，并且EVI较NDVI具有更强的识别能力。

Based on two years,investigation of hollyhock cultivars found in Beijing and Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province and by means of cultivating and research on the regular pattern of their flower form evolution, the authors classify the flower type s into 8 types.

1996～1997年作者在对北京等地蜀葵品种调查的基础上，经过栽培、观察及研究，初步将蜀葵园艺品种花型分为8型，为蜀葵的科学分类及利用提供了一定依据。

Based on two years,investigation of hollyhock cultivars found in Beijing and Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province and by means of cultivating and research on the regular pattern of their flower form evolution, the authors classify the flower types into 8 types.

1996～1997年作者在对北京等地蜀葵品种调查的基础上，经过栽培、观察及研究，初步将蜀葵园艺品种花型分为8型，为蜀葵的科学分类及利用提供了一定依据。

Firstly, This paper processes geometry filtration based on character of orbit's apogee and perigee after orbit model is analyzed and based. Secondly Space Debris is separated into two kinds, coplanar and not coplanar according as location interrelation of target and debris. In Dynamic filtration's processing, considering prediction time limit and orbit perturbation, secular effects which have increaser effect is considered so that some need catching danger time point is appeased, some law about time when target and debris pass intersectant line each other is inferred, when debris and object are in different plane and some similar law also is inferred otherwise. The time list is arithmetical progression. These laws can improve calculation efficiency remarkably; Lastly orbit predict is a course approaching least distance. Danger time point in the last step become beginning time point from which debris and object's position and velocity are calculated by SXP4 Model which is an analytic model.By result, determine that relative movement trend is closer or apart, farther calculate the interval apart from time when predictive least relative distance occurs. Least relative distance and time when least distance occurs is calculated finally. It is a fast approach course adopting varied interval.

本文在分析、建立轨道摄动计算模型的基础上，首先采用基于轨道远、近地点特征对大量编目在册的空间碎片进行初步几何静态筛选，然后根据碎片与目标轨道面的相对位置特点把碎片分为异面与准共面两种情况以进行动态筛选，在筛选过程中考虑到预报时限长度和轨道摄动影响，引入了轨道摄动中具有积累效应的长期项以满足危险时间点的捕捉要求，利用了长期项摄动变化线性的特点导出了碎片与目标异面情况下各自过交线的时间序列成准等差数列的规律性和准共面情况下类似的规律性，从而显著地提高了前期轨道筛选的计算效率；最后对剩余危险碎片和目标飞行器利用SXP4轨道预报模型在前期轨道筛选的基础上以各个危险探测时间点为预报的时间起点，并根据预报计算结果，分析目标和碎片在该时间点的运动趋势是相互远离还是相互接近，推出预计最小相对距离发生时刻相对此刻的时间长度，得到其随时间变化的局部最小相对距离以及危险距离发生的时刻和相对速度，这是一个采用变时间步长、快速逼近最小相对距离的过程。

The establishment and initiatory application of this new measurement method shows that it is feasible to study elastic velocities and equation of state of widely earth's interior materials in advance under high pressure and high temperature.

新的弹性波速测量方法的建立和初步的应用研究，表明在高温高压条件下进一步广泛地开展对地球深部物质的弹性波波速及状态方程的研究成为可能。

The preliminary plan and actualized blue prints were presented,which was to construct an interact teaching,interpenetrative and flexible polymer science experiment course combined polymer chemistry,polymer physics and polymer process.Students learn from molecular design to synthesize polymer compounds and character properties of the materials,them process them to an utilized produce in this course.

设想将高分子化学、高分子物理和高分子成型加工三门实验课程有机地串联起来，组建成一门包括从高分子材料设计(用计算机软件进行分子设计、性能模拟)、聚合物合成、性能测试到加工成型，能环环相扣、互动式的、柔性化的高分子科学实验课程；提出了初步的实践方案。

The innovation of this paper lay in introducing the innovation theory to study the exploration for the innovation of architectural design of the Pritzker Architecture Prize winners, summarizing the personality characteristics and the time characteristics of the innovations of their architectural designs, studying the innovations of their design conceptions to establish their theoretical system of the innovation of architectural design from the four aspects of nature, culture, city and art, expatiating on their innovation of architectural form to make the basis for the further research from the three aspects of form, space and detail, studying their innovations of building technology to provide valuable suggestions for architects to make use of more new technologies in their architectural design inventively.

论文的主要创新之处在于引入创新学理论，系统地总结了普利茨凯奖获奖建筑师对建筑设计创新的探索；提出了他们建筑设计创新的个性特征和时代特征；从自然、文化、城市和艺术四个角度研究了他们的设计理念创新，初步构建了他们建筑彩钢活动房设计创新的理论体系；从形体、空间和细部三个角度指出了他们的建筑形态创新，为建筑形态创新的进一步研究做了铺垫；从材料、结彩钢活动房构、生态和计算机技术四个角度论述了他们的建筑技术创新，为更多的新技术在建筑设计中的创新应用提供了有益的借鉴。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。