初始化

When we call open or use a file name as the initializer when creating an fstream object, the argument we pass is a C-style string, not a library string.

在创建 fstream 对象时，如果调用 open 或使用文件名作初始化式，需要传递的实参应为 C 风格字符串，而不是标准库 strings 对象。

Moreover,these algorithms are very sensitive to the initialization and easy to get trapped into local optima.

此外这类算法还存在对初始化敏感，易陷入局部极值点等弱点。

Experimental results shown that the proposed algorithm not only avoids the local optima and is robust to initialization, but also increases the convergence speed.

实验结果表明，该算法不仅有效克服了FCM算法易陷入局部极小值的缺点，而且明显地避免了对初始化选值敏感性的问题，也有较快的收敛速度。

This algorithm not only avoids the local optima and also robust to initialization.

利用改进遗传算法强大的全局寻优能力，这种算法较好地克服了FCM算法对初始化敏感、容易陷入局部最优的缺陷。

It is often the case that we can avoid any problems due to order of execution for initializers byusing the constructor's parameters rather than using the object's data members.

一般情况下，通过使用构造函数的形参而不是使用对象的数据成员，可以避免由初始化式的执行次序而引起的任何问题。

Once the Device Context has been initialized, the origin of the coordinates is usually the upper-left corner of the output rectangle, while the x coordinate axis is horizontal right and the y coordinate axis is vertical downward, with both using pixel as unit.

一个设备上下文被初始化之后，其坐标系原点通常是输出矩形的左上角，而 x 轴水平向右，y 轴垂直向下，并以象素为单位。

When some of the measurements are lost, the system will reduce the dimension by orthogonal projection without changing the measurement model.

当发生部分数据缺失的情况，系统只需要通过正交投影方法将观测空间降维，而不需要改变观测模型，也不需要重新对跟踪滤波器进行初始化。

As well, ACA outperforms GA in performance on average. 2. Through the analysis and studying of Ant colony algorithm and Flow shop scheduling problem, a construction graph is introduced. Two ant colony algorithms are proposed and analyzed for solving the flow shop scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the flowtime. The Initialization of parameters and updating of trail intensities and probability is described respectively and a newly local search technique is proposed. Last is the experiment and the comparison shows that the PACA performs better than the FACA in the case of relatively large-sized problems than in the case of relatively small-sized problems.

通过对基本蚁群算法的实现过程和流水调度问题进行研究，给出了求解流水调度问题的解构造图，提出了两种蚁群算法来求解以总流程时间最小为目标的流水调度问题-FACA 蚁群算法和PACA 蚁群算法，分别给出了FACA 蚁群算法和PACA 蚁群算法的参数初始化方式、相对应的信息素更新方法和概率分布规则，并提出了局部搜索模式，最后进行模拟试验，对这两种算法进行比较，试验结果表明：对于较大规模的问题，PACA 蚁群算法要优于FACA 蚁群算法，而对于较小规模的问题，FACA 蚁群算法优于PACA蚁群算法。

Log file initialization still requires zeroing, but it will happen in parallel with the transfer of the data from the backup.

日志文件初始化仍需要零位调整，但此操作将与从备份传输数据并行进行。

We fully parenthesize this initialization in case struct Object is changed later on.

以後当 struct Object 变动时，我们会经常引用其初始化。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。