初产妇

While nowadays, uterine contraction of many primipara is good, the colour and quantity of lochia is normal. Drinking tablespoon grenadine for a long time will produce more lochia, cause chronic blood loss anemia as well as make bad influence on uterine recovery and health of delivery woman.

但目前多为初产妇，子宫收缩一般都较好，恶露的颜色和量一般都比较正常，如果食用红糖时间过长，反而会使恶露增多，导致慢性失血性贫血，而且会影响子宫恢复以及产妇的身体健康。

Cesarean section could delay the production of human colostrum and reduce the colostral content of sIgA in primipara.

剖宫产延迟初产妇的初乳产生，减少初乳中sIgA含量。

An interview guide, entitled "Maternal Perception of the Onset of Lactation", was also used to obtain milk secretion data. Results found a mean onset of lactation of 78.2±18.7 hours (range=42 to 121 hours). The prevalence of delayed lactation onset was 43.6%(n=58). Slighly over half of participants (56.9%, n=33) were primiparous. Parity, total second stage of labor duration, duration of second labor stage beyond one hour, and perinea wound pain were the most significant predictors of delayed lactation onset.

研究结果发现：(1)首次泌乳时间的平均值为78.2±18.7小时（范围42至121小时）；(2)产妇自觉延迟泌乳的发生机率为43.6%(n=58)，其中初产妇占56.9%(n=33)，经产妇占43.1%(n=25)；(3)产次、第二产程时间、第二产程时间大於一小时、第一到第三天会阴伤口疼痛分数，是延迟首次泌乳时间的重要预测因子。

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effects of massage on women's pain perception and anxiety during labor. The subjects were primiparas who had a normal spontaneous delivery at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan. They are randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. The experimental group received massage intervention and the control group did not. The intensity of pain perception and anxiety between the two groups were compared in the latent phase (the cervix dilated 3-4cm), active phase (5-7cm) and transitional phase (8-10cm). The relationship between pain perception and anxiety level was also examined.

中文摘要本研究的目的在检视按摩对分娩妇女之疼痛感受与焦虑程度的影响，研究对象为南部某区域医院自然生产的初产妇，60位产妇随机分派至实验组与对照组，实验组接受按摩措施，对照组则无接受按摩措施，於待产期间比较两组产妇在潜伏期、活动期及过渡期中疼痛感受与焦虑程度之差异，并探讨疼痛感受与焦虑程度的关系。

To shorten the stage of labor and to accelerate delivery, 168 primiparae were observed when they got nipples stimulation.

1997年5月—12月采用刺激乳头的方法对168例自然分娩的初产妇产程进行观察，并与1996年5月—12月自然分娩的212例初产妇进行对照。

They were admitted from May to Dec.in 1997 and delivered spontaneously. 212 primiparae who had normal deliveries from May to Dec in 1996 were chosen as control group.

现将观察结果报告如下。1 临床资料1.1 对象将1997年5月—12月在我科住院并自然分娩的初产妇168例作为观察组，1996年5月—12月住院自然分娩的初产妇212例作为对照组。

Objective To research the frequency and changing situation on depression and anxiety of primiparae preand postchildbirth.

内容摘要：作者：陈彩霞李国芸顾欣石玉中初产妇；焦虑；抑郁；心理干预目的了解初产妇分娩前后焦虑、抑

Objective To research the frequency and changing situation on depression and anxiety of primiparae preand postchildbirth.

作者：陈彩霞李国芸顾欣石玉中初产妇；焦虑；抑郁；心理干预目的了解初产妇分娩前后焦虑、抑

Maternal hypertension, low pre-pregnancy weight, and primiparae were the risk factors for both symmetric and asymmetric SGA infants. Those effects except primiparae were considerably greater on asymmetric than symmetric SGA infants. Low parental height and previous LBW or PTD history were also significantly associated with the risk of symmetric SGA infants.

母亲高血压、低怀孕前体重、及初产妇皆是为对称及非对称生长迟滞儿的危险因子，除初产妇外对非对称生长迟滞儿有较大的影响，矮小母亲或父亲及以前有低出生体重或早产儿亦与对称生长迟滞儿有显著相关。

Methods:Investigation group included sixty parturient nulliparas used ambulatory labor analgesia from active phase of labor.Control group included sixty parturient nulliparas without use of ambulatory labor analgesia.

研究组为无内科并发症的正常初产妇共60例，产程中采用分娩镇痛；对照组为无内科并发症的正常初产妇60例，产程中不采用分娩镇痛。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。